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Well Child > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How to measure head circumference

A

Measure around the head at the point of greatest circumference from the occipital protuberance above the base of the skull to the mid forehead or point of greatest bossing of the frontal bone

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2
Q

Abnormal head circumference

A

a head circumference that plots 1-2 standard deviations above height and weight
OR
>95th or <5th percentile for age

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3
Q

Microcephaly

A

indicative of small-for-gestational infant, intrauterine growth retardation, or premature closure of the cranial sutures (termed craniosynostosis) requiring immediate referral

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4
Q

Macrocephaly

A

a large head in proportion to body size may indicate increased intracranial pressure or familial variant

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5
Q

For how long do you measure head circumference

A

Generally until age 3

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6
Q

How to measure chest circumference

A

At the nipple line

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7
Q

Head verses chest circumference

A

Head circumference is normal 2cm greater than chest circumference in the first 6 months of life.

By 1 years old, chest circumference and head circumference should be equal

By 2 years old, chest circumference becomes larger than head circumference

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8
Q

Height

A

The most stable measurement of growth and maturation in childhood.

Linear growth is genetically predetermined and occurs in spurts

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9
Q

How to measure infant or toddler height

A

recumbent height is measured with infants head firm against top of measuring device and knees extended against the table and feet against bottom of footboard measuring device

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10
Q

Term newborn height

A

45 to 55 cm (18-22in) at birth and increases by 2.54cm or 1 inch per month over the first few months of life

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11
Q

Term infants height

A

increases by 50% in the first year and is primarily truncal growth

By 2 years old, doubling the height can give an estimate of adult height

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12
Q

Measuring height after 2 years old

A

Standing height is preferred with a stadiometer with back/butt/heels back against wall and feet flat without shoes

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13
Q

Changes in height after 2 years old

A

2-3 age = 7.5cm (3 inches)

3-onset of puberty = 3-7cm/year (2-3 inches)

adolescent girls height realized by 16 years and boys height by 18 years

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14
Q

linear growth deficiency or short statue may be an indicator of what

A

cardiac or renal disease, fetal alcohol syndrome, methadone exposure, metabolic abnormalities, growth hormone deficiency, or chromosomal abnormalities

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15
Q

When should arm span be measured?

A

When adolescent male and females of tall stature had disproportionate arm length. Arms span should equal height. If arms exceed height, evaluate for Marfan Syndrome

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16
Q

What is average birth weight in term infant

A

3175 - 3400g or 7-7.5lbs

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17
Q

How much weight to infants lose in first week of life?

A

up to 10% and should regain it by end of second week

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18
Q

What is poor weight gain in early infancy indicative of?

A

failure to thrive. It may be caused by poor feeding patterns, malnutrition, neglect, cardiac or renal disease, chronic infection, or chromosomal and congenital abnormalities

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19
Q

How do you weigh infant - 1 year

A

Undressed and consistently in no diaper or dry diaper in an infant balance scale.

Safety is most important and child is never left alone

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20
Q

How to weigh 1-2 year old

A

infant scale or standing scale if cooperative

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21
Q

BMI < 5th percentile

A

Underweight

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22
Q

BMI 85th - 94th percentile

A

Overweight

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23
Q

BMI >95th percentile or BMI >30

A

Obese

24
Q

BMI only applicable to which age group?

A

> 2 years old.

25
Q

Personality of a child

A

The personality of an individual child reflects the interaction between the child’s temperament and environment.

26
Q

What is “goodness of fit”

A

The term goodness of fit describes the concept of how well the child’s temperament meets the expectations of his or her parents and caregivers. Goodness of fit promotes healthy development in the family unit through adaptation to the infant’s personality, and it has a critical influence on a child’s emotional well-being and behavior.

27
Q

Temperament Characteristic - Activity

A

Amount of motor activity and proportion of active to inactive periods

28
Q

Temperament Characteristic - Intensity

A

Amount of emotional energy released with responses

29
Q

Temperament Characteristic - Sensitivity

A

Amount of sensory stimuli required to produce response

30
Q

Temperament Characteristic - Approach/withdrawal

A

Nature of initial response to new stimuli

31
Q

Temperament Characteristic - Adaptability

A

Ease of accepting new situation after initial response

32
Q

Temperament Characteristic - frustration tolerance

A

Length of time activity is pursued

33
Q

Temperament Characteristic - Mood

A

Amount of pleasant versus unpleasant behavior child exhibits

34
Q

Temperament Characteristic - Distractibility

A

Effectiveness of extraneous stimuli in altering direction of ongoing behavior

35
Q

Temperament Characteristic -Regularity

A

Predictability of physiological functions such as hunger, sleep, elimination

36
Q

SCREEN tool used for what?

A

Used for collecting family history

SC = some concerns
R = reproduction
E = early disease, death, disability
E = ethnicity
N = nongenetic
37
Q

Micro Level

A

child, parents, partners, caregivers.

Consider intersecting characteristics and temperament of the individuals in the family, parenting style, relationships between parents, family dynamics on health of child

38
Q

Mezzo Level

A

The extended family, family support, resources, and community systems.

Consider housing, school, childcare, parental work and income, health care access, church and religious community, etc

39
Q

Macro Level

A

The social context of child and family

Consider impact of the community, cultural influences, economic status, environmental health, political climate, and impact of child

40
Q

SCOFF Screen used for what

A

Eating Disorders

S - do you make yourself SICK bc you feel full
C - do you worry you have lost CONTROL over how much you eat
O - have you recently lost more than ONE stone (14lb) in 3 months?
F - do you believe you are FAT when others say you are thin
F - would you say that FOOD dominates your life

41
Q

SSHADESS tool used for what

A

psychosocial history

S- Strengths
S- School
H - Home
A - Activities
D - Drugs/Alcohol/Tobacco
E - Emotions
S - Sexuality and Sexual Abuse
S - Safety issues
42
Q

Regions with highest infant mortality

A

Southern Asia and sub-saharan Africa

43
Q

Leading causes of death in children

A

pneumonia - streptococcus pneumoniae

diarrhea - rotavirus

malaria

44
Q

Piaget’s Theory

A

Cognitive Structural Theory

Provide an understanding of children’s cognitive development and their perception and interaction with the world around them. Theories examine the way children think, reason, use language, and interact with their environment

45
Q

Freud Theories

A

Psychodynamic theorist who studied factors that influence the individuals emotional and psychological behavior.

ID, ego, and superego

46
Q

Erikson

A

Expanded on Freuds theories

Developed stages throughout the lifespan that an individual seeks to master

47
Q

Vygotsky

A

Holds the theory that cognitive development occurs in social, historical, and cultural contexts and that adults guide child learning. Development depends on the use of language, play, and extensive social interaction

48
Q

Skinner

A

Behaviorism. Focuses on the present and environmental influences of human behavior

49
Q

Maslow

A

Maslows hierarchy of needs include physiologic, safety, belonging, love, esteem, and self-actulaization

50
Q

How long should screening for postpartum depression take place

A

Universal screening for postpartum depression is now recommended at the 1 month through 6 month visit

51
Q

When does birth weight double

A

Birth weight doubles in 4–6 months

52
Q

What is growth

A

growth refers to an increase in number and size of cells, as well as the increased size and weight of the whole or any of its parts

53
Q

What is development

A

development is a gradual change and expansion in capabilities, which represents advancement from lower to more advanced stages of complexity

54
Q

what is maturation

A

maturation represents an increase in competence and adaptability

55
Q

Parent Roles

A

1) Bonding
2) Discipline
3) Education
4) General welfare and protection
5) Responsivity
6) Sensitivity

Well Child (5 decks)

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