Test 1

Question 0

Describe nursing homes in the 1930s

Answer 0

most were rooming houses that served meals. No regulations and lots of money to be made.

Question 1

Purpose was to provide federal old age assistance to the elderly who lived at home or with others. It also withheld aid to older ppl who lived in public institutions?

What yr?

Answer 1

Social Security Act

1935

Question 2

Three reasons nursing home began to grow

Answer 2

federal assistance
increased life expectancy
increased number of old ppl

Question 3

A health insurance program that is administered by the Social Security Administration

Answer 3

Medicare

Question 4

What are the two parts of Medicare?

Answer 4

part a - hospital insurance

part b - supplemental medical insurance

Question 5

explain part a of Medicare

Answer 5

financed through payroll deductions and employer contributions to a health insurance trust fund

Question 6

explain part b of Medicare

Answer 6

a voluntary program that requires the older person to pay a monthly premium. Federal gov matches the premium out of general tax revenues

Question 7

in which part of Medicare is coverage for long term care limited?

Answer 7

part b - supplemental medical insurance

Question 8

these link Medicare hospital reimbursement with average length of stay, principal diagnosis, and types of procedures performed to lower healthcare costs

Answer 8

DRGs

Question 9

What are three problems with DRGs?

Answer 9

• don’t look at differences in severity of illness, available recourses and number of hospital days required
• hospitals decrease length of stay
• ppl released quicker and sicker

Question 10

goal for nursing homes to provide a environment in which each resident could achieve and maintain the highest practical level of physical, mental, and psychological well-being

what yr was it developed?

Answer 10

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA)

1987

Question 11

a comprehensive welfare program designed to provide healthcare to the poor, regardless of age

Answer 11

Medicaid

Question 12

What date did each state have to follow OBRA regs or risk their funding?

Answer 12

Oct 1990

Question 13

What was the focus of OBRA?

Answer 13

evaluate resident care outcomes and de-emphasize review of structural measures of quality of care (policies n procedures)

Question 14

biased conception of someone based on his or her chronological age

Answer 14

ageism

Question 15

What was the life expectancy of men and women in the 80s?

Answer 15

men - 71.5

women - 78.4

Question 16

how much longer do whites live than African Americans?

Answer 16

6 yrs

Question 17

How much will the 85+ population increase by 2030?

Answer 17

triple

Question 18

this is the primary payment source for nursing home care

Answer 18

Medicaid

Question 19

what percent of whites are 65+?

Answer 19

15%

Question 20

what percent of blacks are 65+?

Hispanics?

Answer 20

8%

5%

Question 21

which state has the highest proportion of ppl 65+?

Answer 21

Fl

Question 22

whats the ration men to women 65+?

Answer 22

men - 96

women - 100

Question 23

what percent of women 65+ are widowed?
by age 85?
by age 85 compared to men?

Answer 23

48%
80%
men - 35%

Question 24

what percentage of old ppl 65+ live below the poverty line?

Answer 24

10%

Question 25

also called genotypic aging

Answer 25

primary aging

Question 26

also called phenotypic aging

Answer 26

secondary aging

Question 27

These were implemented by Medicare to control healthcare costs what yr?

Answer 27

Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs) 1983

Question 28

this is the speeding up of the aging process by factors such as stress, poor nutrition, radiation, untreated diseases, unhealthy lifestyle habits, etc.

Answer 28

secondary aging

Question 29

this is experienced by all species and is the degenerative process which occurs naturally (biological aging)

Answer 29

primary aging

Question 30

as age increases, the body wears out to the point at which life is used up

Answer 30

wear and tear theory

Question 31

the immune system produces antibodies that attach itself, producing aging. Also, foreign bodies, bacteria and viruses lead to cell dysfunction and death

Answer 31

autoimmune theory

Question 32

the is a decline in normal cell function caused by the loss of elasticity in muscle tissue, skin and bone vessels

Answer 32

cross-linkage theory

Question 33

imposed the first legal responsibility on society to care for the aged and sickly. what yr?

Answer 33

Elizabethan Poor Laws 1601

Question 34

DNA mutations, cross-linking of connective tissue and changes in protein behavior result from the interaction of free radicals with other cell molecules

Answer 34

free radical theory

Question 35

there is a gradual decline in the cells ability to replicate.

Answer 35

cellular aging theory

Question 36

what theory is the most highly regarded one

Answer 36

cellular aging theory

Question 37

the most common ailment in older ppl

Answer 37

arthritis

Question 38

what percent of ppl 65+ is affected by arthritis?

Answer 38

48%

Question 39

this is a disease of connective tissue, joint inflammation, redness, swelling, tenderness

Answer 39

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 40

the deposit of fatty materials in the arteries, blocking blood flow

Answer 40

atherosclerosis

Question 41

thickening and loss of the elasticity of artery walls (hardening of the arteries)

Answer 41

arteriosclerosis

Question 42

heart attack, resulting from shortage of oxygen to the heart

Answer 42

mycardio infarction

Question 43

strokes, resulting from shortage of oxygen to the brain

Answer 43

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Question 44

the blocking of blood vessels by large clots

Answer 44

thrombosis

Question 45

the clotting or blocking of the vessel by a free floating clot that was formed somewhere else in the body

Answer 45

embolisms

Question 46

a weak artery wall breaks, allowing blood to flow freely to other tissues and increasing pressure on them

Answer 46

hemorrhages

Question 47

among the top ten chronic conditions that affect activities of older ppl. can cause blindness, heart disease, kidney diseases, and difficulty healing

Answer 47

diabetes

Question 48

a clouding effect which results from a change in chemical make-up of the lens of the eye

Answer 48

cataracts

Question 49

inefficient drainage of the eye fluids results in increased pressure in the eyes.

Answer 49

glaucoma

Question 50

"group home" for the elderly, licensed to meet certain program standards

Answer 50

domiciliary care

Question 51

information is received and held for a short period of time

Answer 51

registration

Question 52

info is encoded (given meaning and organized) and stored in long term memory

Answer 52

retention

Question 53

info is sent back to short term memory when needed. any info cannot is forgotten

Answer 53

retrieval

Question 54

pressure sores

Answer 54

decubitus ulcer