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lifespan > test 1 > Flashcards

test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Life-span development covers the period from __________ to __________.

A

conception; death

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2
Q

Most developmentalists tend to believe that…

A

Development is influenced by nature and nurture, and is it characterized by continuity and discontinuity and also by stability and change.

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3
Q

What are the steps of the Scientific Method?

A

Conceptualize a problem to be studied, collect research information, analyze data, and draw conclusions

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4
Q

Studying the influences of the unconscious mind and early experiences with parents are paramount in what theories?

A

Psychoanalytic theories

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5
Q

Studying what can be observed and measured is important to what theory of development?

A

Behaviorism

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6
Q

A main problem with survey research is what?

A

Participants may lie

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7
Q

The love a parent has for a child is an example of a __________________ connection.

A

Socioemotional.

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8
Q

What developmental stage reflects complete dependence on the parents?

A

Infancy

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9
Q

According to Skinner, what would you use to change a behavior?

A

Positive and negative reinforcements.

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10
Q

Natural selection favors individuals of a species that are best able to …

A

survive; reproduce

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11
Q

What is a double-helix-shaped molecule that contains genetic information?

A

DNA

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12
Q

All of a person’s genetic material makes up the __________, whereas the __________ consists of only observable characteristics.

A

genotype; phenotype

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13
Q

Exposure to teratogens after organogenesis is complete is most likely to result in

A

stunted growth

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14
Q

Maternal exposure to intense feelings and stress can have a long-term on her child after birth

A

True

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15
Q

Early maturation in girls is linked to?

A

problem behaviors such as smoking, drinking, and having an eating disorder

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16
Q

A newborn’s brain is __________ percent of its adult weight and grows to __________ percent of its adult weight by 2 years of age.

A

25; 75

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17
Q

The prefrontal cortex, which is the highest level of the frontal lobes, is involved in reasoning, decision making, and self-control. It finishes most of its development during

A

late adolescence

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18
Q

The amygdala, a structure particularly involved with emotion, matures much earlier than the prefrontal cortex. This may account for which of the following?

A

adolescents’ risky, impulsive behavior

19
Q

What happens to the brain’s weight and volume as it ages?

A

weight and volume decrease

20
Q

What hormone is produced by the brain’s pineal gland when preparing the body for sleep?

A

melatonin

21
Q

What is the purpose of reflexes in an infant’s behavior?

A

Survival until they have an opportunity to learn adaptive behaviors

22
Q

What reflex is characterized by an infant arching their back, throwing back their head, and flinging out their arms?

A

Moro

23
Q

Due to the reflex, stroking the cheek of a newborn will elicit this behavior________.

A

Rooting

24
Q

Peal physical performance usually happens before age________

A

30

25
Q

What gender usually progresses faster in fine motor skills such as buttoning a shirt or cutting with scissors?

A

Females

26
Q

What gender usually progresses faster in gross motor skills such as running and kicking?

A

Males

27
Q

New fine motor skills for an infant such as picking up a small object can be linked to the development of the _____________ grip?

A

Pincer

28
Q

Information must interact with sensory receptors before _________________________ can take place.

A

Perception

29
Q

Define the Gibsons’ term “affordances”…

A

Opportunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities. (seeing an elevator button and pushing it)

30
Q

The phenomenon in which the behavior of children begins to depend on the behavior of the parents, and the parents’ behavior depends on the behavior of the child, is called

A

Reciprocal socialization

31
Q

According to the epigenetic view, development is:

A

A bidirectional exchange between heredity and environment.

32
Q

The term “scaffolding” when it comes to parenting means what?

A

The framework that parents build to help encourage independent action of their child.

33
Q

The increased urbanization and mobility in our society has led to ______________.

A

A lack of intergenerational family support.

34
Q

Immigrant families can experience pressure to change their cultural identity (True or False).

A

True.

35
Q

According to Gottman’s research, love maps can make a marriage successful because?

A

They provide insight into each member of the couples’ world of experiences.

36
Q

Advantages of having children at an older age (30’s):

A

Financial and emotional stability

37
Q

Advantages of having children at a younger age (20’s):

A

Fewer built-up expectations, physical health

38
Q

What are Baumrind’s 4 styles of parenting?

A

Authoritative, Authoritarian, Indulgent/Permissive, Neglectful

39
Q

Which of the following is almost always present when other forms of maltreatment are identified?

A

Emotional abuse

40
Q

Social isolation, single parenting, low socioeconomic status are all risk factors for?

A

Child abuse.

41
Q

Children who have been abused are more predisposed to attachment problems, depression, and delinquency (true/false).

A

True

42
Q

Relationships between parents and emerging adults becomes psychologically ________________ after they leave the nest.

A

Closer

43
Q

Children of divorced parents typically have ________________ (minor or significant) adjustment difficulties.

A

Minor

44
Q

Support, cooperation, and agreement between divorcing parents can have a positive impact on their child (true/false).

A

True

lifespan (4 decks)

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