Test 1

Question 1

This type of biopsychologist administered drugs that increase levels of ach to Alzheimer’s patients

Answer 1

psychopharmacologist

Question 2

Who is a psychopharmacologist?

Answer 2

Someone who uses drugs to see the effects on the brain and behavior

Question 3

who is a clinical neuroscientist?

Answer 3

causes and treatments of neuropsychiatric
disorders

Question 4

This biopsychologist uses fMRI scans to observe the changes that occur in various parts of the brain while volunteers perform memory tasks

Answer 4

cognitive neuroscientist

Question 5

Who is a cognitive neuroscientist?

Answer 5

biological influences on cognition (e.g.
perception, attention, decision making)

Question 6

This biopsychologist studies the brains and behavior of a species of birds that hide their seeds.

Answer 6

comparative psychologist

Question 7

Who is a comparative psychologist?

Answer 7

Comparing different species

Question 8

This biopsychologist directly manipulates the brain of nonhuman subjects. For example, he surgically removed the hippocampus of a rat and observed the subsequent behavior.

Answer 8

Psychophysiology

Question 9

who is a physiological psychologist?

Answer 9

Neural mechanisms of behavior typically
with animals

Question 10

This part of the brain is often referred to as the “little brain.” It is responsible for our balance and skilled movements.

Answer 10

Cerebellum

Question 11

What is the cerebellum?

Answer 11

Back of your brain that coordinates voluntary muscle movements and helps to maintain posture, balance, and equilibrium

Question 12

This “little net” of nuclei is at the core of the hindbrain and midbrain. It plays a role in our arousal system

Answer 12

Reticular formation

Question 13

What is the reticular formation?

Answer 13

netlike appearance. Complex network of 100 tiny nuclei that occupies the central core of the brain stem from the posterior boundary of the myelencephalon to the anterior boundary of the midbrain

Question 14

in mammals, this part of the midbrain includes two pairs of bumps, known as the colliculi.

Answer 14

superior colliculus

Question 15

what is the tectum?

Answer 15

Dorsal side of the midbrain, involved in certain reflexes in response to visual or auditory stimuli

Question 16

This “(un)colorful” structure of the tegmentum plays a large role in our modulation of pain.

Answer 16

The periaqueductal grey

Question 17

What is
The Periaqueductal
Grey (PAG)?

Answer 17

region of tegmentum made up of grey matter. the function is primarily in pain suppression and has naturally high concentrations of endorphins.

Question 18

We will talk more about this area of the midbrain in the drug chapter, because it plays a large role in our reward systems and addictive behaviors.

Answer 18

Ventral Tegmental Area

Question 19

What is the Ventral
Tegmental Area (VTA)?

Answer 19

the primary site where addictive drugs act

Question 20

All of our senses (except for smell) have a synapse here before projecting to the cortex.

Answer 20

Thalamus

Question 21

This structure is closely linked with our endocrine system. It has many functions, but all deal with internal regulation (the 4 Fs).

Answer 21

Hypothalamus

Question 22

What is the
hypothalamus?

Answer 22

Part of the brain contains a number of small nuclei. it is linked to the nervous system to the endocrine system

Question 23

This structure is of the limbic system. It is important for our emotions, especially fear.

Answer 23

Amygdala

Question 24

What is the amygdala?

Answer 24

Rough almond-shaped mass of gray matter inside each cerebral hemisphere. involved with the experience of emotions.

Question 25

This lobe sits at the back of our brain and controls our visual system.

Answer 25

Occipital Lobe

Question 26

What is the occipital lobe?

Answer 26

The lobe in the back of the brain that helps us with vision

Question 27

This structure looks like a seahorse and is very important for memory and spatial navigation.

Answer 27

Hippocampus

Question 28

What is the hippocampus?

Answer 28

Looks like a seahorse and deals with memory and spatial navigation

Question 29

The most prevalent excitatory NT in the CNS

Answer 29

Glutamate

Question 30

What is Glutamate?

Answer 30

a neurotransmitter released by nerve cells in your brain. plays a major role in learning and memory.

Question 31

The most prevalent inhibitory NT in the CNS.

Answer 31

GABA

Question 32

What is GABA?

Answer 32

made in the brain. reduces a nerve cell's ability to send and receive chemical messages throughout the central nervous system.

Question 33

This monoamine plays a role in Parkinson’s Disease and Schizophrenia.

Answer 33

Dopamine

Question 34

What is Dopamine?

Answer 34

A type of neurotransmitter, the nervous system uses it to send messages between nerve cells. plays a role in how we feel pleasure.

Question 35

Drugs like Ritalin increase the presence of this NT because it plays a role in our attention and focus.

Answer 35

Norepinephrine

Question 36

What is Norepinephrine?

Answer 36

a substance vital to the fight-or-flight response

Question 37

This NT is in a class all by itself. It plays a part in both the PNS and CNS. Alzheimer’s patients see lower levels of it.

Answer 37

Acetylcholine

Question 38

What is Acetylcholine (Ach)?

Answer 38

a compound which occurs throughout the nervous system, in which its function as a neurotransmitter

Question 39

The branch-like structures which receive signals from other neurons.

Answer 39

Dendrites

Question 40

What are the dendrites?

Answer 40

Branch-like structures that receive signals from other neurons

Question 41

The fatty tissue insulation which makes axonal conduction more efficient.

Answer 41

Myelin

Question 42

What is myelin?

Answer 42

electrical insulator, fatty tissue that makes axonal conduction more efficient

Question 43

The small areas between beads of myelin where action potentials are re-triggered.

Answer 43

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 44

What are Nodes of Ranvier?

Answer 44

spaces between the myelin coating on the neuron's axon

Question 45

At the end of the axon, this is where exocytosis occurs.

Answer 45

Terminal buttons

Question 46

What are the terminal buttons?

Answer 46

Bud at the end of a branch of an axon, sends information to another neuron secrete chemicals

Question 47

Where most action potentials originate because of the many Na+ gated ion channels found here.

Answer 47

Axon inital segment

Question 48

What is the axon initial segment?

Answer 48

action potentials originate because of the many Na+ gated ion channels found

Question 49

These nerves carry sensory information from the CNS to the PNS.

Answer 49

Efferent Nerves

Question 50

What are efferent nerves?

Answer 50

sensory nerves that carry information from the CNS to the PNS

Question 51

The Dura mater, Arachnoid membrane, and Pia mater make up these.

Answer 51

Meninges

Question 52

What are the meninges?

Answer 52

Three membranes of dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater

Question 53

This is where neurotransmitters are stored in the pre-synaptic neuron. Some drugs can make them “leaky.”

Answer 53

vesicles

Question 54

What are vesicles?

Answer 54

a neurotransmitter stored in the pre-synaptic neuron.

Question 55

Compared to ionotropic receptors, this type of receptor can have longer lasting effects.

Answer 55

metabotropic receptor

Question 56

What is a metabotropic receptor?

Answer 56

a type of membrane receptor that initiates a number of metabolic steps to modulate cell activity.

Question 57

This star-shaped glial cell provides nutritional support for neurons.

Answer 57

Astrocytes

Question 58

What are Astrocytes?

Answer 58

Astrocytes are a subtype of gilal cells, or neuroglia , the support cells of the nervous system. They are responsible for providing physical support, nutrition, and biochemical support, to the blood-brain barrier and the neurons, as well as for the repair and scarring of the brain or spinal cord following injury.