Test 1 Flashcards
(190 cards)
1
Q
What is the study of plants?
A
Botany
2
Q
Father of botany
A
Theophrastus
3
Q
Classified plants as aromatic, culinary, and medicine
A
Pedanius Dioscorides
4
Q
Roman writer who compiled encyclopaedia
A
Pliny the elder
5
Q
Father of taxonomy
A
Carolus Linnaeus
6
Q
Denomination of each kind of plant in two words ( genus + species)
A
Binomial Nomenclature
7
Q
Father of Philippine Botany / Pharmacy
A
Leon Ma. Guerrero
8
Q
Steps in Scientific Method
A
Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Results, Conclusion
9
Q
True of False: Plants have a means of storing information
A
True
10
Q
Study of mosses
A
Bryology
11
Q
Study of lichens
A
Lichenology
12
Q
Study of fungi
A
Mycology
13
Q
Sub-discipline of identifying, naming, and classifying plants
A
Taxonomy
14
Q
An individual plant is the result of interaction of _____ and ______.
A
Genes and environment
15
Q
Offsprings with features that causes them to survive and reproduce will most likely pass down these genes
A
Natural Selection
16
Q
How does new features arise on offsprings?
A
Mutation
17
Q
Three domains of organisms
A
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
18
Q
Domain Eukarya: Single-celled organisms
A
Protista
19
Q
Domain Eukarya: fungi such as mushrooms, puffballs, bread, and mold.
A
Kingdom Mycetae
20
Q
Domain Eukarya: animals
A
Kingdom Animalia
21
Q
Domain Eukarya: Plants
A
Kingdom Plantae
22
Q
Kingdom Plantae: Mosses
A
Division Bryophyta
23
Q
Kingdom Plantae: Ferns
A
Division Pteridophyta
24
Q
Kingdom Plantae: conifers
A
Division Coniferophyta
25
Kingdom Plantae: Flowering Plants
Division Magnoliophyta
26
Number of divisions in kingdom Plantae
17 divisions
27
Some _____ are closely related to plantae as it gradually evolves into plants
Protists
28
Binomial nomenclature
Genus species
29
Characteristics that have same structure and function that evolved early on as the species is being studied
Primitive traits (plesiomorphic trait)
30
Characteristics that have same structure and function that have evolved more recently
Derived traits ( apomorphic trait )
31
True of False: Plants can be seen in all environments in earth
True
32
Adapted to live in water, plant stem grow towards surface, and leaves unroll to form flat pads
Water Lillies
33
Often grows in forest floors, adaptations to cling to other objects, climbs fences, walls, rocks, and other plants
Vines
34
Pants that can survive dry spells due to their thick stems to store water
Cacti
35
Vegetative organs that composes most plants
Stem, Root, Leaves
36
Reproductive Organs of Flowers that Composed Most Plants
Sepal, Petals, Stamens, and Carpe
37
Buds that are located above the attachment points of stems that could develop to a stem or flower, but often remains dormant
Auxiliary Bud
38
Plant Metabolism
CO2 + H2O —> C6H12O6 + O2
39
Chemicals that contain no minerals that starts with glucose from plants
All sugars, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Waxes, Pigments, and Many Vitamins
40
Chemicals that contain nitrogen that starts with glucose produced by plants
Amino Acid, Nucleic Acid, Some Hormones, and Some Pigments
41
Main Clades of Organisms
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
42
Also known as True Plants, Land Plants, or Plants
Embrophytes
43
Examples of Plants without vascular tissues
Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
44
Plants with vascular tissues, but without seeds
Vascular cryptogram
45
Examples of Vascular Cryptogram
Lycophytes ( ferns )
46
Plants with vascular tissues and with seeds
Spermatophores
47
Examples of Spermatophytes
Cycads, Gingko, Gnetophytes, Conifers, Angiosperm
48
Types of Angiosperms
Basal Angiosperm, Monocots, Dicots
49
Organisms with a body that is not composed of roots, stems, and leaves and does not have typical plant tissues
Thallophytes
50
Examples of Thallophytes
Hornworts
51
Includes all plants not part of Thallophytes
Cormophytes
52
Other term for vascular plants
Tracheophytes
53
Common term for spore-bearing plants
Cryptogram
54
Technical term used for only seed plants that produces seeds
Spermatophytes
55
Cone-bearing seed plants
Gymnosperm
56
Flower-bearing seed plants
Angiosperms
57
Species classified as dicots had become evolutionary distinct very early in angiosperm history
Basal Angiosperm
58
Refers to all dicots minus the basal angiosperm
Eudicot
59
Examples of Cryptogams
Liverworts, Mosses, Hornworts, Lycophytes, and Ferns
60
Examples of Gymnosperm
Cycads, Gnetophytes, Gingko, and Conifers
61
Scientific study of distributions, abundance and relations of organisms and their interactions with the environment
Ecology
62
Coined term Ecology
Ernst Haeckel
63
Interactions where neither organisms benefit or is harmed
Neutralism
64
Interactions where both organisms benefit
Mutualism
65
Interactions where one organism benefits by harming another
Predation
66
One organism benefits whereas the other are neither harmed nor helped
Commensalism
67
Interaction where one organism harms another without receiving any benefit itself
Amensalism
68
Interaction where both organisms hurt each other
Competition
69
Ensemble of similar cells from the same origins that Carrie’s specific function
Tissue
70
Types of Tissues
Meristematic and Permanent Tissues
71
Group of young cells capable of dividing into new cells
Meristematic Tissues
72
Kinds of Meristem
Apical, Lateral, and Intercalary Meristem
73
Meristems found at the tip of stems and roots
Apical Meristem
74
Meristems found alongside roots and stem
Lateral Meristem
75
Meristems found at the base of young leaves and interlobes
Intercalary Meristem
76
Formed from the division and differentiation of meristematic cells
Permanent Tissues
77
Types of permanent tissues
Simple, Complex, Special Tissues
78
Types of simple tissues
Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma
79
Types of Complex Tissue
Xylem and Phloem
80
Types of Special Tissues
Digestive glands, Nectar glands, Osmophors, Secretory Cavities, Hydathodes, and Laticiferous Tissues
81
Most basic type of cell
Parenchyma
82
Parenchyma cell that have large intercellular spaces
Aerenchyna
83
Parenchyma cell that is identified by the presence of chlorophyll
Chlorenchyma
84
Parenchyma cell that is identified by elongated cells that gives mechanical support
Prosenchyma
85
Parenchyma cell that stores food material
Storage Parenchyma
86
Parenchyma cell that stores water
Water storage tissue
87
Living tissue which gives tensile strength
Collenchyma
88
Collenchyma that have cell arrangements in tangential rows
Lamellar Collenchyma
89
Collenchyma that have cells with large intercellular spaces called “Lacuna”
Lacuna Collenchyma
90
Collenchyma that have wall depositions at the corners of the cell
Angular Collenchyma
91
Elongated cells with tapering ends
Fibres
92
Dead tissues that gives mechanical support
Sclerenchyma
93
Sclerenchyma that are short and irregularly shaped
Sclereids
94
Function of parenchyma
Plays a vital role in respiration, Photosynthesis, storage, and secretion.
95
Function of Collenchyma
Flexibility and Elasticity to plants
96
Function of Sclerenchyma
Protects plant from stretching, bending, weight, and pressure
97
Water-conducting tissue
Xylem
98
Dead cells that conduct water
Tracheary elements
99
Xylem structure that are wide and cynlindrical
Vessel Elements
100
Structure of xylem that are dead with lignified walls
Xylem Fibres
101
Conducts water, minerals, and give mechanical support
Phloem
102
Phloem structure that live in swivel areas
Sieve elements
103
Elongated cells that support sieve tubes
Companion cells
104
Dead cells with tapering ends
Phloem Fibres
105
Tissues concerned with secretion or excretion
Special tissues
106
Special tissues found in insectivore plants
Digestive glands
107
Secrete sugary substance called nectar
Nectar glands
108
Special glands that produces volatile essential oils
Osmophors
109
Secretions released are stored in spaces within this gland
Secretory cavities
110
Also called as water stomata
Hydathodes
111
Specialized cells that secretes latex
Laticiferous cells
112
Composition of phospholipid structure
Glycerol, two fatty acids, and phosphate group
113
3-carbon polyalcohol acting as backbone for phospholipid
Glycerol
114
Non polar nature, water-fearing
Hydrophobic
115
Hydrophilic, polar
Phosphate group
116
Functions of membrane protiens
Transporters, Enzymes, Cell Surface Receptors, Cell Surface Identity Markers, Cell-to-cell adhesion protein, attachment to the cytoskeleton.
117
Membrane proteins anchored in one layer of membrane
Peripheral membrane protein
118
Membrane protein that spans the lipid bilayer
Integral membrane protein
119
Formed from extensive non polar regions that creates pores throughout the membrane. B sheets in the protein creates a protein secondary structure to form a cylinder called
B-barrel
120
Movement of molecule through membrane without energy
Passive transport
121
Movement of molecules from high to low concentrations
Diffusion
122
Allows membrane to be selective on what passes through
Selective permeability
123
Allows polar molecules to pass through
Channel protien
124
Allow passage of ions commonly associated with water
Ion channels
125
Movement of molecules from high to low concentration with the help of carrier proteins
Facilitated diffusion
126
Movement of water from high to low concentration
Osmosis
127
Environment high solute concentration
Hypertonic
128
Environment low solute concentration
Hypotonic
129
Osmosis moves water through _____
Aquaporins
130
Movement of molecules in membrane that requires energy
Active transport
131
Carrier proteins that moves one protein at a time
Uniporters
132
Carrier proteins that Carries two molecules in same direction
Symporters
133
Carrier proteins that moves two molecules at opposite direction
Antiporters
134
Active transport mechanism that uses antiporters to move 3 Na out and 2 K in
Sodium-Potassium Pump
135
Transport that uses energy released when a molecule moves by diffusion
Coupled transport
136
Movement in of substance into cell
Endocytosis
137
Movement of substance out of cell
Exocytosis
138
Cell takes in particulate matter
Phagocytosis
139
Cell takes in only fluids
Pinocytosis
140
Specific molecules are taken in after they bind to a receptor
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
141
Amount of solute in a solution
Concentration
142
Dissolved substance in a solution
Solute
143
Mixture in which two or more substances are mixed evenly
Solution
144
The gradual difference in concentration of solutes in a solution between two regions
Concentration Gradient
145
True or False: Only plant cells have cell walls
False, bacteria and fungi have cell walls too
146
Contain same concentration of solutes
Isotonic
147
Study of organism and environmental that may cause disease in plants
Plant Pathology
148
Studies how environmental factors affect plants
Plant Ecology
149
Studies plant fossils
Paleobotany
150
Plants for criminal investigations
Forensic Botany
151
Studies how plant is affected by where it is
Archeobotany
152
Theory that states that life is produced from inorganic matter
Spontaneous Theory
153
Theory that states that life began elsewhere but brought to earth
Panspermia Theory
154
Theory that states that life began with RNA
RNA World Theory
155
Life arose from inorganic matter mixed with other compounds
Oparin-Haldane Theory
156
Plants that could survive areas with high salinity
Halophytes
157
Plants that can survive with moderate water
Mesophytes
158
Plants that survives in conditions with poor supply of water
Xenophytes
159
Plants that could grow in areas near water
Hydrophytes
160
Plant that is anti-edema, Diuretic, and Anti-urolithiasis
Sambong ( Ngai Camphor )
161
Anti-fungal, Ringworm, Athlete’s Foot, and Scabies
Akapulko ( Ringworm Bush )
162
Anti-helmetic
Chinese Honey Suckle
163
Diarrhea, Stomach ache
Tsaang Gubat ( Forest Tea )
164
Lower blood sugar
Ampalaya ( Bitter Gourd )
165
Lowers uric acid
Ulasimang bata ( shiny bush )
166
Hypertension, toothache, lower cholesterol
Bawang ( garlic )
167
Asthma, cough, fever, pain, skin diseases, headache, and rheumatism
Lagundi
168
First organ to appear when seed germinates
Radicle
169
How does secondary root grows ?
Laterally
170
Root system with roots having an equal diameter
Fibrous root system
171
Root systems that arise from other organs
Adventitious roots
172
Thimble-shaped, found at tip of roots, protects growing tip
Root cap
173
Region above region of elongation
Region of Maturation
174
Primary tissues of roots
Epidermis, cortex, vascular cylinder
175
Absorbs water and minerals underground through osmosis
Epidermis
176
Conducts water and dissolved minerals
Cortex
177
Where leaves are attached to stem
Nodes
178
Between two nodes where leaves grow
Internodes
179
Primary meristem of stem
Procambium, Protocambium, Ground Meristem
180
Part of the plant responsible for photosynthesis
Leaf
181
Part of leaf attached to stem
Leaf base
182
Stalk that links the stem with the leaf blade
Petiole
183
Leaf blade
Lamina
184
Veins in the middle of a leaf that leads to veinlets
Midrib
185
Types of leaves
Simple and Compound
186
Reproduction part of a plant
Flowers
187
Outermost region of a flower
Calyx
188
Part of flower composed of petals
Carolla
189
Composed of stamens
Androsecium
190
Region of a plant composed of carpel
Gynoecium
