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Pharmaceutical Botany + Taxonomy Overview > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the study of plants?

A

Botany

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2
Q

Father of botany

A

Theophrastus

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3
Q

Classified plants as aromatic, culinary, and medicine

A

Pedanius Dioscorides

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4
Q

Roman writer who compiled encyclopaedia

A

Pliny the elder

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5
Q

Father of taxonomy

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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6
Q

Denomination of each kind of plant in two words ( genus + species)

A

Binomial Nomenclature

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7
Q

Father of Philippine Botany / Pharmacy

A

Leon Ma. Guerrero

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8
Q

Steps in Scientific Method

A

Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Results, Conclusion

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9
Q

True of False: Plants have a means of storing information

A

True

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10
Q

Study of mosses

A

Bryology

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11
Q

Study of lichens

A

Lichenology

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12
Q

Study of fungi

A

Mycology

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13
Q

Sub-discipline of identifying, naming, and classifying plants

A

Taxonomy

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14
Q

An individual plant is the result of interaction of _____ and ______.

A

Genes and environment

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15
Q

Offsprings with features that causes them to survive and reproduce will most likely pass down these genes

A

Natural Selection

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16
Q

How does new features arise on offsprings?

A

Mutation

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17
Q

Three domains of organisms

A

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

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18
Q

Domain Eukarya: Single-celled organisms

A

Protista

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19
Q

Domain Eukarya: fungi such as mushrooms, puffballs, bread, and mold.

A

Kingdom Mycetae

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20
Q

Domain Eukarya: animals

A

Kingdom Animalia

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21
Q

Domain Eukarya: Plants

A

Kingdom Plantae

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22
Q

Kingdom Plantae: Mosses

A

Division Bryophyta

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23
Q

Kingdom Plantae: Ferns

A

Division Pteridophyta

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24
Q

Kingdom Plantae: conifers

A

Division Coniferophyta

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25
Q

Kingdom Plantae: Flowering Plants

A

Division Magnoliophyta

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26
Q

Number of divisions in kingdom Plantae

A

17 divisions

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27
Q

Some _____ are closely related to plantae as it gradually evolves into plants

A

Protists

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28
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A

Genus species

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29
Q

Characteristics that have same structure and function that evolved early on as the species is being studied

A

Primitive traits (plesiomorphic trait)

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30
Q

Characteristics that have same structure and function that have evolved more recently

A

Derived traits ( apomorphic trait )

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31
Q

True of False: Plants can be seen in all environments in earth

A

True

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32
Q

Adapted to live in water, plant stem grow towards surface, and leaves unroll to form flat pads

A

Water Lillies

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33
Q

Often grows in forest floors, adaptations to cling to other objects, climbs fences, walls, rocks, and other plants

A

Vines

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34
Q

Pants that can survive dry spells due to their thick stems to store water

A

Cacti

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35
Q

Vegetative organs that composes most plants

A

Stem, Root, Leaves

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36
Q

Reproductive Organs of Flowers that Composed Most Plants

A

Sepal, Petals, Stamens, and Carpe

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37
Q

Buds that are located above the attachment points of stems that could develop to a stem or flower, but often remains dormant

A

Auxiliary Bud

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38
Q

Plant Metabolism

A

CO2 + H2O —> C6H12O6 + O2

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39
Q

Chemicals that contain no minerals that starts with glucose from plants

A

All sugars, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Waxes, Pigments, and Many Vitamins

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40
Q

Chemicals that contain nitrogen that starts with glucose produced by plants

A

Amino Acid, Nucleic Acid, Some Hormones, and Some Pigments

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41
Q

Main Clades of Organisms

A

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

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42
Q

Also known as True Plants, Land Plants, or Plants

A

Embrophytes

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43
Q

Examples of Plants without vascular tissues

A

Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts

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44
Q

Plants with vascular tissues, but without seeds

A

Vascular cryptogram

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45
Q

Examples of Vascular Cryptogram

A

Lycophytes ( ferns )

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46
Q

Plants with vascular tissues and with seeds

A

Spermatophores

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47
Q

Examples of Spermatophytes

A

Cycads, Gingko, Gnetophytes, Conifers, Angiosperm

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48
Q

Types of Angiosperms

A

Basal Angiosperm, Monocots, Dicots

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49
Q

Organisms with a body that is not composed of roots, stems, and leaves and does not have typical plant tissues

A

Thallophytes

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50
Q

Examples of Thallophytes

A

Hornworts

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51
Q

Includes all plants not part of Thallophytes

A

Cormophytes

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52
Q

Other term for vascular plants

A

Tracheophytes

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53
Q

Common term for spore-bearing plants

A

Cryptogram

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54
Q

Technical term used for only seed plants that produces seeds

A

Spermatophytes

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55
Q

Cone-bearing seed plants

A

Gymnosperm

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56
Q

Flower-bearing seed plants

A

Angiosperms

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57
Q

Species classified as dicots had become evolutionary distinct very early in angiosperm history

A

Basal Angiosperm

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58
Q

Refers to all dicots minus the basal angiosperm

A

Eudicot

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59
Q

Examples of Cryptogams

A

Liverworts, Mosses, Hornworts, Lycophytes, and Ferns

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60
Q

Examples of Gymnosperm

A

Cycads, Gnetophytes, Gingko, and Conifers

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61
Q

Scientific study of distributions, abundance and relations of organisms and their interactions with the environment

A

Ecology

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62
Q

Coined term Ecology

A

Ernst Haeckel

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63
Q

Interactions where neither organisms benefit or is harmed

A

Neutralism

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64
Q

Interactions where both organisms benefit

A

Mutualism

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65
Q

Interactions where one organism benefits by harming another

A

Predation

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66
Q

One organism benefits whereas the other are neither harmed nor helped

A

Commensalism

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67
Q

Interaction where one organism harms another without receiving any benefit itself

A

Amensalism

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68
Q

Interaction where both organisms hurt each other

A

Competition

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69
Q

Ensemble of similar cells from the same origins that Carrie’s specific function

A

Tissue

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70
Q

Types of Tissues

A

Meristematic and Permanent Tissues

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71
Q

Group of young cells capable of dividing into new cells

A

Meristematic Tissues

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72
Q

Kinds of Meristem

A

Apical, Lateral, and Intercalary Meristem

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73
Q

Meristems found at the tip of stems and roots

A

Apical Meristem

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74
Q

Meristems found alongside roots and stem

A

Lateral Meristem

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75
Q

Meristems found at the base of young leaves and interlobes

A

Intercalary Meristem

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76
Q

Formed from the division and differentiation of meristematic cells

A

Permanent Tissues

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77
Q

Types of permanent tissues

A

Simple, Complex, Special Tissues

78
Q

Types of simple tissues

A

Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma

79
Q

Types of Complex Tissue

A

Xylem and Phloem

80
Q

Types of Special Tissues

A

Digestive glands, Nectar glands, Osmophors, Secretory Cavities, Hydathodes, and Laticiferous Tissues

81
Q

Most basic type of cell

A

Parenchyma

82
Q

Parenchyma cell that have large intercellular spaces

A

Aerenchyna

83
Q

Parenchyma cell that is identified by the presence of chlorophyll

A

Chlorenchyma

84
Q

Parenchyma cell that is identified by elongated cells that gives mechanical support

A

Prosenchyma

85
Q

Parenchyma cell that stores food material

A

Storage Parenchyma

86
Q

Parenchyma cell that stores water

A

Water storage tissue

87
Q

Living tissue which gives tensile strength

A

Collenchyma

88
Q

Collenchyma that have cell arrangements in tangential rows

A

Lamellar Collenchyma

89
Q

Collenchyma that have cells with large intercellular spaces called “Lacuna”

A

Lacuna Collenchyma

90
Q

Collenchyma that have wall depositions at the corners of the cell

A

Angular Collenchyma

91
Q

Elongated cells with tapering ends

A

Fibres

92
Q

Dead tissues that gives mechanical support

A

Sclerenchyma

93
Q

Sclerenchyma that are short and irregularly shaped

A

Sclereids

94
Q

Function of parenchyma

A

Plays a vital role in respiration, Photosynthesis, storage, and secretion.

95
Q

Function of Collenchyma

A

Flexibility and Elasticity to plants

96
Q

Function of Sclerenchyma

A

Protects plant from stretching, bending, weight, and pressure

97
Q

Water-conducting tissue

A

Xylem

98
Q

Dead cells that conduct water

A

Tracheary elements

99
Q

Xylem structure that are wide and cynlindrical

A

Vessel Elements

100
Q

Structure of xylem that are dead with lignified walls

A

Xylem Fibres

101
Q

Conducts water, minerals, and give mechanical support

A

Phloem

102
Q

Phloem structure that live in swivel areas

A

Sieve elements

103
Q

Elongated cells that support sieve tubes

A

Companion cells

104
Q

Dead cells with tapering ends

A

Phloem Fibres

105
Q

Tissues concerned with secretion or excretion

A

Special tissues

106
Q

Special tissues found in insectivore plants

A

Digestive glands

107
Q

Secrete sugary substance called nectar

A

Nectar glands

108
Q

Special glands that produces volatile essential oils

A

Osmophors

109
Q

Secretions released are stored in spaces within this gland

A

Secretory cavities

110
Q

Also called as water stomata

A

Hydathodes

111
Q

Specialized cells that secretes latex

A

Laticiferous cells

112
Q

Composition of phospholipid structure

A

Glycerol, two fatty acids, and phosphate group

113
Q

3-carbon polyalcohol acting as backbone for phospholipid

A

Glycerol

114
Q

Non polar nature, water-fearing

A

Hydrophobic

115
Q

Hydrophilic, polar

A

Phosphate group

116
Q

Functions of membrane protiens

A

Transporters, Enzymes, Cell Surface Receptors, Cell Surface Identity Markers, Cell-to-cell adhesion protein, attachment to the cytoskeleton.

117
Q

Membrane proteins anchored in one layer of membrane

A

Peripheral membrane protein

118
Q

Membrane protein that spans the lipid bilayer

A

Integral membrane protein

119
Q

Formed from extensive non polar regions that creates pores throughout the membrane. B sheets in the protein creates a protein secondary structure to form a cylinder called

A

B-barrel

120
Q

Movement of molecule through membrane without energy

A

Passive transport

121
Q

Movement of molecules from high to low concentrations

A

Diffusion

122
Q

Allows membrane to be selective on what passes through

A

Selective permeability

123
Q

Allows polar molecules to pass through

A

Channel protien

124
Q

Allow passage of ions commonly associated with water

A

Ion channels

125
Q

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration with the help of carrier proteins

A

Facilitated diffusion

126
Q

Movement of water from high to low concentration

A

Osmosis

127
Q

Environment high solute concentration

A

Hypertonic

128
Q

Environment low solute concentration

A

Hypotonic

129
Q

Osmosis moves water through _____

A

Aquaporins

130
Q

Movement of molecules in membrane that requires energy

A

Active transport

131
Q

Carrier proteins that moves one protein at a time

A

Uniporters

132
Q

Carrier proteins that Carries two molecules in same direction

A

Symporters

133
Q

Carrier proteins that moves two molecules at opposite direction

A

Antiporters

134
Q

Active transport mechanism that uses antiporters to move 3 Na out and 2 K in

A

Sodium-Potassium Pump

135
Q

Transport that uses energy released when a molecule moves by diffusion

A

Coupled transport

136
Q

Movement in of substance into cell

A

Endocytosis

137
Q

Movement of substance out of cell

A

Exocytosis

138
Q

Cell takes in particulate matter

A

Phagocytosis

139
Q

Cell takes in only fluids

A

Pinocytosis

140
Q

Specific molecules are taken in after they bind to a receptor

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

141
Q

Amount of solute in a solution

A

Concentration

142
Q

Dissolved substance in a solution

A

Solute

143
Q

Mixture in which two or more substances are mixed evenly

A

Solution

144
Q

The gradual difference in concentration of solutes in a solution between two regions

A

Concentration Gradient

145
Q

True or False: Only plant cells have cell walls

A

False, bacteria and fungi have cell walls too

146
Q

Contain same concentration of solutes

A

Isotonic

147
Q

Study of organism and environmental that may cause disease in plants

A

Plant Pathology

148
Q

Studies how environmental factors affect plants

A

Plant Ecology

149
Q

Studies plant fossils

A

Paleobotany

150
Q

Plants for criminal investigations

A

Forensic Botany

151
Q

Studies how plant is affected by where it is

A

Archeobotany

152
Q

Theory that states that life is produced from inorganic matter

A

Spontaneous Theory

153
Q

Theory that states that life began elsewhere but brought to earth

A

Panspermia Theory

154
Q

Theory that states that life began with RNA

A

RNA World Theory

155
Q

Life arose from inorganic matter mixed with other compounds

A

Oparin-Haldane Theory

156
Q

Plants that could survive areas with high salinity

A

Halophytes

157
Q

Plants that can survive with moderate water

A

Mesophytes

158
Q

Plants that survives in conditions with poor supply of water

A

Xenophytes

159
Q

Plants that could grow in areas near water

A

Hydrophytes

160
Q

Plant that is anti-edema, Diuretic, and Anti-urolithiasis

A

Sambong ( Ngai Camphor )

161
Q

Anti-fungal, Ringworm, Athlete’s Foot, and Scabies

A

Akapulko ( Ringworm Bush )

162
Q

Anti-helmetic

A

Chinese Honey Suckle

163
Q

Diarrhea, Stomach ache

A

Tsaang Gubat ( Forest Tea )

164
Q

Lower blood sugar

A

Ampalaya ( Bitter Gourd )

165
Q

Lowers uric acid

A

Ulasimang bata ( shiny bush )

166
Q

Hypertension, toothache, lower cholesterol

A

Bawang ( garlic )

167
Q

Asthma, cough, fever, pain, skin diseases, headache, and rheumatism

A

Lagundi

168
Q

First organ to appear when seed germinates

A

Radicle

169
Q

How does secondary root grows ?

A

Laterally

170
Q

Root system with roots having an equal diameter

A

Fibrous root system

171
Q

Root systems that arise from other organs

A

Adventitious roots

172
Q

Thimble-shaped, found at tip of roots, protects growing tip

A

Root cap

173
Q

Region above region of elongation

A

Region of Maturation

174
Q

Primary tissues of roots

A

Epidermis, cortex, vascular cylinder

175
Q

Absorbs water and minerals underground through osmosis

A

Epidermis

176
Q

Conducts water and dissolved minerals

A

Cortex

177
Q

Where leaves are attached to stem

A

Nodes

178
Q

Between two nodes where leaves grow

A

Internodes

179
Q

Primary meristem of stem

A

Procambium, Protocambium, Ground Meristem

180
Q

Part of the plant responsible for photosynthesis

A

Leaf

181
Q

Part of leaf attached to stem

A

Leaf base

182
Q

Stalk that links the stem with the leaf blade

A

Petiole

183
Q

Leaf blade

A

Lamina

184
Q

Veins in the middle of a leaf that leads to veinlets

A

Midrib

185
Q

Types of leaves

A

Simple and Compound

186
Q

Reproduction part of a plant

A

Flowers

187
Q

Outermost region of a flower

A

Calyx

188
Q

Part of flower composed of petals

A

Carolla

189
Q

Composed of stamens

A

Androsecium

190
Q

Region of a plant composed of carpel

A

Gynoecium

Pharmaceutical Botany + Taxonomy Overview (1 decks)

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