test 1 Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
hippocampus
A
memory
2
Q
sulci
A
indentations/grooves
3
Q
gyri
A
folds/bumps
4
Q
Hindbrain
A
metencephalon and myelencephalon
5
Q
Midbrain
A
mesencephalon
6
Q
forebrain
A
diencephalon and telencephalon
7
Q
coronal
A
front and back
8
Q
horizontal
A
top and bottom
9
Q
sagittal
A
right and left
10
Q
grey matter
A
in the brain and spinal cord is made up of cell bodies.
11
Q
white matter
A
is composed of densely packed nerve fiber (Myelinated Axons)
12
Q
thalamus
A
relays sensory signals, controls alertness and consciousness. in dicenpholen
13
Q
hypothalamus
A
regulates metabolism, circadian rhythms, communicates with the pituitary gland. in dicenpholen
14
Q
cerbeal peduncles
A
contain the ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) nerve tracts
15
Q
cerebellum
A
motor control, especially essential/repetitive processes
16
Q
pons
A
breathing, involuntary actions, internal functions
17
Q
medulla
A
autonomic functions (vomiting, coughing…), more breathing
18
Q
What does it mean if a reigion is active
A
the neurons are active
19
Q
Gila
A
Play supporting (but vital!) functions: to nourish, insulate, and regulate
20
Q
Neurons
A
Responsible for processing information
Have excitable membranes
Allows active conduction of electrical signals
21
Q
The sciatic nerve is made up of-
A
Axons
22
Q
axon
A
initiates, conducts and transmits the output signal: action potential
23
Q
axon hillock
A
where action potentials are initiated
24
Q
axon terminals
A
where signals are passed to the next cell
25
action potential
the basic unit of language used by the brain to hold and process information
26
How do neurons send signals
Synapses
27
Information is carried within a neuron via _ signals
Electrical
28
Information is passed between neurons via _ signals
Chemical
29
At what voltage are most Na+ opening
-55mv
30
At what point do K+ close
refectory period
31
radial gila
act as ladders for developing neural cells as they migrate from ventricular zones to final destination
32
ependymal cells
ciliated cells lining spinal cord and ventricles, facilitate CSF flow
33
Oligodendrocytes
ensheath axons of CNS neurons in myelin. Also provide metabolic support.
34
Astrocytes
control endothelial cells and mediate blood-brain barrier, nutrient support of many neurons, regulate synapses, aid in neural scarring
35
microgila
maintain activity in homeostasis, activated by neuronal damage and infection, chief mediator of neuroimmune response
36
Behaviors that are necessary for cognitive functions and personality are most likely found in the _
forebrain
37
processing of sound and memory both rely on structures located in the
temporal lobe
38
The right hemisphere controls the _ side of the body
contralateral and left
39
two primary divisons of the nervous system
Central and Peripihial
40
Autonomic nervous system
involuntary systems
41
somatic nervous systems
voluntary systems
42
sympathetic nervous system
fight or flight
43
parasympathetic
controlls bodily functions when a person is at rest, stimulates digesting and motabilism
44
afferent
sensory neurons that carry messages to the central nervous system
45
efferent
motor neurons that carry messages from the central nervous system to the skelatal muscles of the body
46
dendrites
receive inputs from other cells
47
soma
contains organelles that allow the neuron to function
48
axon terminals
transmit the output signal to other cells
49
myelin
insulates the axon, allowing signals to travel faster
50
axon
carries output signals to other cells
51
electrical (action potential)
signal within a neuron
52
chemical (synapses)
signal passed between neurons
53
mind-brain problem
is the mind-brain separate entities or inseperable
54
monism
the body and mind are qualitatively the same
55
dualism
the body and mind are separate. The body is material, the mind is non-material
56
Egypt dualism
Egyptians believed an individual was made up of eight distinct parts
57
Alcmaeon of croton
dissection of cadavers revealed a physical linkage between the eyes and the brain
58
hydraulic theory
an animal spirit moves through ventricles of the brain
59
Avicenna
defined things like insomnia, mania, eplilepsy, stroke, published first medical textbook.
60
Descrates
"i think therefore i am"
61
Galvani
elctrical stimulation of the muscles produced contractions
62
von helmoholtz
measured the speed of conductance at 90 feet/second
63
fritsch and hitzig
electrical stimulation of the brain in certain areas produced contraction of specific muscles on the opposite side of the body
64
Phineas Gage
had damage to his frontal lobe and had impairments in personality and social conduct
65
Broca
found that damage within a small area of the frontal lobe caused severe impairment in speech production
66
Gail and Spurzheim
believed personality characteristics were located in specific areas of the brain
67
dorsal
top part
68
ventral
lower part
69
anterior or rostral
front
70
posterior or caudal
back
71
Loss of function study
can learn about what functions a structure contributes to by observing what happens that structure is damaged
72
first step to occur during an AP
voltage-gated potassium channels open
73
Hindbrain
Brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord. Vital life functions and motor processing.
74
Pons
contain nuclei that deal primarily with sleep, arousal, respiration, swallowing, bladder control, hearing, equilibrium, taste.
75
Medulla
control things like cardiac and respiratory centers.
76
Midbrain
part of the brainstem, that is associated with sleep and temperature regulation.
77
ventricles
hollow spaces filled with cerebrospinal fluid
78
basal ganglia
regulates motivated behaviors
79
Limbic system
emotional processing
80
frontal lobe
executive control, mood, decision making
81
parietal lobe
special awareness, physical sensastion
82
temporal lobe
hearing and language
83
occipital lobe
vision
84
Wernickes area
speech comprehnsion, reading and writing
85
broca
speech production
86
hemispatial neglect syndrome
damage to the right frontal-parietal lobe, have a lack of awareness for things that occur in their left visual space
87
spinal cord
carries commands from the brain to the muscles
88
corpus callousm
communication between the hemispheres
89
brainstem
breathing and maintaining heart rate
90
meninges
protect the brain and spinal cord
91
blood-brain barrier
limits passage between the bloodstream and the brain
92
limbic system
process and regulate emotion
93
motor cortex
begins the process of a movement
94
blindsight
the ability of blind individuals to respond to visual stimuli that are outside conscious awareness
95
prosopagnosia
the ability to recognize familiar faces
96
resting potential
no ion flow
97
deporalarzation
Na+ enters cell, voltage becomes more positive
98
Repolarazation/Hyperolarazation
K+ flows out of the cell, voltage becomes more negative
99
Return to resting state
sodium-potassium pumps return Na+ and K+ to their original sides, restoring resting potential.
100
EPSP
Depolarazation, brings post-synaptic cell closer to AP threshold
101
IPSP
Hyperpolarazation, pushes post-synapic cell further away from AP threshold.
102
Ionotropic
open in response to the binding of a neurotransmiter
103
Metabotropic
G-protein-gated
104
