Test 1

Question 1

What causes dehydration?

Answer 1

excessive fluid losses
Fluid shifts

Question 2

What causes fluid volume excess?

Answer 2

Decreased fluid losses
Fluid shifts

Question 3

A 1 kg weight loss or gain equates to what in dehydration assessments?

Answer 3

Around 1 liter of fluid

Question 4

What is the ideal method for rehydrating a dehydrated patient?

Answer 4

PO fluids

Question 5

What are the standard lab values for urine output?

Answer 5

0.5mL/kg/hr

Question 6

What is the standard lab value for Hct?

Answer 6

36-49%

Question 7

What is the standard lab value for urine specific gravity?

Answer 7

1.005-1.030

Question 8

What sodium levels indicate hypoatremia?

Answer 8

Sodium <135

Question 9

What sodium levels indicate hypernatremia?

Answer 9

Sodium >145

Question 10

What is hypovolemic hyponatremia?

Answer 10

water volume decreases slightly or remains relatively stable but sodium depletes due to other modalities

Question 11

What is hypervolemix hyponatremia?

Answer 11

Water volume increases while sodium intake is stable, leading to a decreased level of sodium

Question 12

What types of things can cause a sodium excess?

Answer 12

Excessive sodium intake
hypertonic IV fluids
hypertonic enteral feedings without adequate water

Question 13

What potassium levels indicate hypokalemia?

Answer 13

Potassium <3/5%

Question 14

What potassium levels indicate hyperkalemia?

Answer 14

Potassium >5%

Question 15

What vitamin does calcium require to be absorbed?

Answer 15

Vitamin D

Question 16

What calcium levels indicate hypocalcemia?

Answer 16

Calcuium <9

Question 17

What calcium levels indicate hypercalcemia?

Answer 17

Calcium >10.5

Question 18

A patient that is exhibiting Trousseau’s sign when the BP is inflated could be suffering from?

Answer 18

Hypocalcemia

Question 19

Calcium has an inverse relationship with?

Answer 19

phosphate

Question 20

Blood transfusions can cause hypocalcemia. Why is this?

Answer 20

The citrate preservatives in blood products bind to calcium

Question 21

What is the most common cause of hypercalcemia?

Answer 21

an overproduction of parathyroid hormone

Other causes include prolonged periods of immobilization, malignancy, or excessive intake of vitamin D or dietary calcium

Question 22

What calcium levels would indicate hypercalcemia?

Answer 22

Calcium >10.5

Question 23

______________ levels effect potassium and sodium absorption.

Answer 23

Magnesium

Question 24

What magnesium levels indicate hypomagnesmia?

Answer 24

Magnesium <1.3 mRq/L

Question 25

What magnesium levels indicate hypermagnesmia?

Answer 25

Magnesium >2.1

Question 26

What are the causes of hypomagnesmia?

Answer 26

Decreased intake or absorption and increased excretion or drugs such as loop & Thiazide diuretics

Question 27

What are the causes of hypermagnesmia?

Answer 27

Main causes are Kidney Failure and excessive intake, but can also be caused by adrenal insufficency and leukemia

Question 28

What phosphate levels indicate hypophosphatemia?

Answer 28

Phosphate <1.7

Question 29

What phosphate levels indicate hyperphosphatemia?

Answer 29

Phosphate >2.6

Question 30

What are the causes of hypophosphatemia?

Answer 30

abnormal shift of phosphate into the cell, decreased absorption of phosphate from GI tract, increased excretion of phosphate by the kidnets

Question 31

Which respiratory disorder is caused by a hyperresponse to a trigger that results in bronchioconstriction and mucousal edema?

Answer 31

Asthma

Question 32

An asthma attack can be triggered by what for up to 6 months after contraction?

Answer 32

A respiratory infection can trigger an asthma attack for up to 6 months after infection

Question 33

Why do we assess for NSAID use in pts with asthma?

Answer 33

The cox inhibition can increase leukotriene production which can precipate an asthma attack because it can increase bronchial edema

Question 34

What is forced expiratory volume?

Answer 34

the volume of air than an individual can exhale during a forced breath in t seconds

Question 35

What is Forced Vital Capacity?

Answer 35

the maximum amount of air you can forcibly exhale from your lungs after fully inhaling (a measure of volume in the first second of inhalation)

Question 36

What is peak expiratory flow?

Answer 36

the volume of air forcefully expelled from the lungs in one quick exhalation *A measure of the obstruction/speed at exhalation->taken at multiple times and establishes the patients "personal best"

Question 37

What are the percentages for the "green zone" for peak expiratory flow?

Answer 37

80-100%

Question 38

What are the percentages for the "yellow zone" for peak expiratory flow?

Answer 38

50-70%

Question 39

What are the percentages for the "red zone" for peak expiratory flow?

Answer 39

<40% and is considered a medical emergency

Question 40

Which type of inhaler will an asthma attack be treated with?

Answer 40

a SABA not a LABA

Question 41

What are the nursing interventions for a patient experiencing an asthma attack?

Answer 41

Apply supplemental O2 Place in high Fowlers Place on continous cardiac monitoring (for PVCs) Place on SpO2 monitoring Administer medication

Question 42

What are the best practice guidelines for