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NURS 723 Med/Surg 1 > Test 4 Medications > Flashcards

Test 4 Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Which medications are used to treat Guillian-Barre?

A

Plasampherisis
Anticoagulants
Gabapentin
TCAs

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2
Q

What medication is used to treat Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Anticholinesteraseses
Immunosuppressants
Corticosteroids
IVIG

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3
Q

Which medications are used to treat Parkinson’s?

A

Dopamine Agonists (Pramipexole)
Dopaminergics (Levodopa/carbidopa)
Anticholinergics (Benztropine)
COMT Inhibitors (Entacapone)

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4
Q

What is the action of a Pramipexole?

A

A dopamine agonist used to treat Parkinson’s that causes an active release of dopamine

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5
Q

What is the action of Levodopa/carbidopa?

A

Levodopa is a medication used to treat Parkinson’s that is an inactive form of dopamine that is then activated in the brain after carbidopa transports it across the BBB.

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6
Q

What are the side effects of pramipexole?

A

N/V
Postural hypertension
Dyskinesias
Dizziness
Light-headness
Confusion
Hallucinations

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7
Q

What diet should be followed when taking levidopa/carbidopa?

A

It should be taken with food, but not with high protein due to competitive absorption

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8
Q

What is a COMT inhibitor (Entacapone)?

A

Decreases levodopa breakdown

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9
Q

What are the side effects of entacapone?

A

Dyskinesias
Hyperkinesias
Diarrhea
Dark Urine

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10
Q

What is Phenytoin (Dilantin)?

A

A medication used to prevent and treat tonic-clonic seizures, partial seizures, status epilepticus that is given PO or IV

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11
Q

What is the therapeutic range of Phenytoin/Dilantin?

A

10-20

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12
Q

What are the side effects o Phenytoin/Dilantin?

A

Hypotension
Arrythmias
Gum hyperplasia
Nystagmus
Hirsutism
Blocks absorption of folic acid
Blocks oral contraceptive
Extraversion of IV can cause purple glove

Harry Apes Have Great Necks But Barly Eat

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13
Q

What is Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx)?

A

A medication developed for decreased adverse effects of parenteral phenytoin either IV or IM that can be fgiven more rapidly and less likely to cause hypotension

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14
Q

What seizure drug must NEVER be given IM due to caustic injury to muscles?

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

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15
Q

What are the disadvantages to Fosphenytoin?

A

It can take 8-10 minutes to metabolize & reach peak concentration (can’t abort status epilepticus)
SE similar to phenytoin but less pronounced
Can develop prutritus
Requires transition to PO for home mainentance

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16
Q

What drugs are used to treat status epilepticus?

A

IVP Benzos (lorazapam/diazepam)
IV phenytoin
Diazapam Rectal gel (if not IV access)

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17
Q

What medications are used to treat HTN in diabetics?

A

ACE-1 or ARB to start
Thiazide Diuretic

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18
Q

What medications are used to treat hyperlipidema in diabetics?

A

Statin Therapy
ASA (antiplatlets)for CVD

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19
Q

Insulin:
What is the onset and duration of rapid insulin?

A

Onset is 15 minutes and duration is 3-5 hours

20
Q

Insulin:
What is the onset and duration of short acting insulin?

A

Onset is 30 minutes and duration is 8 hours

21
Q

Insulin:
What is the onset and duration of intermediate insulin?

A

Onset 30-90 minutes and the duration is 8-24 hours

22
Q

Insulin:
What is the onset and duration of long acting insulin?

A

Onset 2-4 hours duration is 23hr

23
Q

What are the nursing interventions for Biguanide (Metformin)?

A

hold for 48 hours pre contrast dye
Contraindicated in CKD
Risk for acute pancreatitis, joint pain, HF

24
Q

What does Biguanide (Metformin) do?

A

Decreases hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity

25
Q

What is the MOA of sulfonyureas (Glyburide, Glipizide)?

A

Increases insulin secretion

26
Q

What are the nursing considerations for sulfonyureas (Glyburide, Glipizide)?

A

Can cause hypoglycemia and weight gain
Avoid in elderly with impaired renal function

27
Q

What are the nursing considerations of Meglitinides (Repaglinide)?

A

Alt. to sulfonyureas for those with sulfa allergy
Less hypoglycemia and weight gain than those
Does TID w/meals

28
Q

What is the MOA of Thiazolidinediones (Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone)?

A

Increases insulin sensitivity

29
Q

What are the nursing considerations for Thiazolidinediones (Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone)?

A

Causes weight gain, fluid retention, edema, increased risk of HF, bone and bladder cancer, increased LDL, hepatotoxicity

Glitter pigs gain weight, retain fluid (edema)

30
Q

What is the MOA of Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors (Acarbose, Miglitol)?

A

Slows intenstinal carbohydrate absorption

31
Q

What is the MOA of DPP-4 Inhibitors
(Sitagliptin)?

A

Increases glucose dependent insulin secretion and decreases glucose dependent glucagon secretion

32
Q

What are the nursing considerations for DPP-4 Inhibitors (Sitagliptin)?

A

Glucose dependent action=low risk for hypoglycemia
Can be used with renal impairment
Risk for acute pancreatitis, joint pain and HF

33
Q

What is the MOA of SGLT2 Inhibitors
(Canagliflozin)?

A

Blocks renal glucose absorption and increase glucosuria

34
Q

What are the nursing considerations for SGLT2 Inhibitors (Canagliflozin)?

A

Can help decrease weight + effects on ASCVD, HF, & DKD
Contraindicated in CKD
Risk for amputation, bone fracture, UTI, increased LDL, dehydration, hypotension, Fouriner’s gangrene

35
Q

What is the MOA of GLP-1
(Liraglutide)?

A

Increase in glucose dependent insulin sec.
Decrease in G.D Glucagon sec.
Decrease in gastric emptying
increase in satiety

36
Q

What are the nursing considerations for GLP-1 (Liraglutide)?

A

Sub q admin BID or weekly
N/V
Injection site rxn
Risk of thyroid tumors
Can help loose weight

37
Q

What is the MOA of Amylin Analogs
(Pramlintide)?

A

Decrease glucagon secretion, decreased gastric emptying, increased satiety

38
Q

What are the nursing considerations for Amylin Analogs (Pramlintide)?

A

Sub q injection at mealtime
Risk for hypoglycemia
Can cause N/V, anorexia

39
Q

Initial Treatment Therapy is made up of?

A

Basal insulin dose (intermediate or long acting), 1 injection (can be combined with oral agent)

40
Q

Multiple Compenent Insulin Therapy is made up of?

A

Combo of short and intermediate-Basal dose + short acting (@ mealtimes)

41
Q

Which insulins have this action?
Start to work: 15 to 30 min
Peak Action: 1 to 2 hrs
Duration: 3 to 6
Max Duration: 4 to 6

A

Insulin
Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine

42
Q

When does regular insulin?
Start to work:
Peak Action:
Duration:
Max Duration:

A

Start to work: 30 min to 1 hr
Peak Action: 2 to 4 hrs
Duration: 3 to 6
Max Duration: 6 to 8

43
Q

When does NPH
Start to work:
Peak Action:
Duration:
Max Duration:

A

Start to work: 2 to 4 hr
Peak Action: 8 to 10
Duration: 10 to 18
Max Duration: 14 to 20

44
Q

When does insulin glargine and determir
Start to work:
Peak Action:
Duration:
Max Duration:

A

Start to work: 1 to 2hr
Peak Action: none
Duration: 19 to 20 hr
Max Duration:
Glargine: 24 hr
Determir: 20

44
Q
A

NURS 723 Med/Surg 1 (6 decks)

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