Test 4 Medications

Question 1

Which medications are used to treat Guillian-Barre?

Answer 1

Plasampherisis
Anticoagulants
Gabapentin
TCAs

Question 2

What medication is used to treat Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 2

Anticholinesteraseses
Immunosuppressants
Corticosteroids
IVIG

Question 3

Which medications are used to treat Parkinson’s?

Answer 3

Dopamine Agonists (Pramipexole)
Dopaminergics (Levodopa/carbidopa)
Anticholinergics (Benztropine)
COMT Inhibitors (Entacapone)

Question 4

What is the action of a Pramipexole?

Answer 4

A dopamine agonist used to treat Parkinson’s that causes an active release of dopamine

Question 5

What is the action of Levodopa/carbidopa?

Answer 5

Levodopa is a medication used to treat Parkinson’s that is an inactive form of dopamine that is then activated in the brain after carbidopa transports it across the BBB.

Question 6

What are the side effects of pramipexole?

Answer 6

N/V
Postural hypertension
Dyskinesias
Dizziness
Light-headness
Confusion
Hallucinations

Question 7

What diet should be followed when taking levidopa/carbidopa?

Answer 7

It should be taken with food, but not with high protein due to competitive absorption

Question 8

What is a COMT inhibitor (Entacapone)?

Answer 8

Decreases levodopa breakdown

Question 9

What are the side effects of entacapone?

Answer 9

Dyskinesias
Hyperkinesias
Diarrhea
Dark Urine

Question 10

What is Phenytoin (Dilantin)?

Answer 10

A medication used to prevent and treat tonic-clonic seizures, partial seizures, status epilepticus that is given PO or IV

Question 11

What is the therapeutic range of Phenytoin/Dilantin?

Answer 11

10-20

Question 12

What are the side effects o Phenytoin/Dilantin?

Answer 12

Hypotension
Arrythmias
Gum hyperplasia
Nystagmus
Hirsutism
Blocks absorption of folic acid
Blocks oral contraceptive
Extraversion of IV can cause purple glove

Harry Apes Have Great Necks But Barly Eat

Question 13

What is Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx)?

Answer 13

A medication developed for decreased adverse effects of parenteral phenytoin either IV or IM that can be fgiven more rapidly and less likely to cause hypotension

Question 14

What seizure drug must NEVER be given IM due to caustic injury to muscles?

Answer 14

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Question 15

What are the disadvantages to Fosphenytoin?

Answer 15

It can take 8-10 minutes to metabolize & reach peak concentration (can’t abort status epilepticus)
SE similar to phenytoin but less pronounced
Can develop prutritus
Requires transition to PO for home mainentance

Question 16

What drugs are used to treat status epilepticus?

Answer 16

IVP Benzos (lorazapam/diazepam)
IV phenytoin
Diazapam Rectal gel (if not IV access)

Question 17

What medications are used to treat HTN in diabetics?

Answer 17

ACE-1 or ARB to start
Thiazide Diuretic

Question 18

What medications are used to treat hyperlipidema in diabetics?

Answer 18

Statin Therapy
ASA (antiplatlets)for CVD

Question 19

Insulin:
What is the onset and duration of rapid insulin?

Answer 19

Onset is 15 minutes and duration is 3-5 hours

Question 20

Insulin:
What is the onset and duration of short acting insulin?

Answer 20

Onset is 30 minutes and duration is 8 hours

Question 21

Insulin:
What is the onset and duration of intermediate insulin?

Answer 21

Onset 30-90 minutes and the duration is 8-24 hours

Question 22

Insulin:
What is the onset and duration of long acting insulin?

Answer 22

Onset 2-4 hours duration is 23hr

Question 23

What are the nursing interventions for Biguanide (Metformin)?

Answer 23

hold for 48 hours pre contrast dye
Contraindicated in CKD
Risk for acute pancreatitis, joint pain, HF

Question 24

What does Biguanide (Metformin) do?

Answer 24

Decreases hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity

Question 25

What is the MOA of sulfonyureas (Glyburide, Glipizide)?

Answer 25

Increases insulin secretion

Question 26

What are the nursing considerations for sulfonyureas (Glyburide, Glipizide)?

Answer 26

Can cause hypoglycemia and weight gain Avoid in elderly with impaired renal function

Question 27

What are the nursing considerations of Meglitinides (Repaglinide)?

Answer 27

Alt. to sulfonyureas for those with sulfa allergy Less hypoglycemia and weight gain than those Does TID w/meals

Question 28

What is the MOA of Thiazolidinediones (Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone)?

Answer 28

Increases insulin sensitivity

Question 29

What are the nursing considerations for Thiazolidinediones (Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone)?

Answer 29

Causes weight gain, fluid retention, edema, increased risk of HF, bone and bladder cancer, increased LDL, hepatotoxicity | Glitter pigs gain weight, retain fluid (edema)

Question 30

What is the MOA of Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors (Acarbose, Miglitol)?

Answer 30

Slows intenstinal carbohydrate absorption

Question 31

What is the MOA of DPP-4 Inhibitors (Sitagliptin)?

Answer 31

Increases glucose dependent insulin secretion and decreases glucose dependent glucagon secretion

Question 32

What are the nursing considerations for DPP-4 Inhibitors (Sitagliptin)?

Answer 32

Glucose dependent action=low risk for hypoglycemia Can be used with renal impairment Risk for acute pancreatitis, joint pain and HF

Question 33

What is the MOA of SGLT2 Inhibitors (Canagliflozin)?

Answer 33

Blocks renal glucose absorption and increase glucosuria

Question 34

What are the nursing considerations for SGLT2 Inhibitors (Canagliflozin)?

Answer 34

Can help decrease weight + effects on ASCVD, HF, & DKD Contraindicated in CKD Risk for amputation, bone fracture, UTI, increased LDL, dehydration, hypotension, Fouriner's gangrene

Question 35

What is the MOA of GLP-1 (Liraglutide)?

Answer 35

Increase in glucose dependent insulin sec. Decrease in G.D Glucagon sec. Decrease in gastric emptying increase in satiety

Question 36

What are the nursing considerations for GLP-1 (Liraglutide)?

Answer 36

Sub q admin BID or weekly N/V Injection site rxn Risk of thyroid tumors Can help loose weight

Question 37

What is the MOA of Amylin Analogs (Pramlintide)?

Answer 37

Decrease glucagon secretion, decreased gastric emptying, increased satiety

Question 38

What are the nursing considerations for Amylin Analogs (Pramlintide)?

Answer 38

Sub q injection at mealtime Risk for hypoglycemia Can cause N/V, anorexia

Question 39

Initial Treatment Therapy is made up of?

Answer 39

Basal insulin dose (intermediate or long acting), 1 injection (can be combined with oral agent)

Question 40

Multiple Compenent Insulin Therapy is made up of?

Answer 40

Combo of short and intermediate-Basal dose + short acting (@ mealtimes)

Question 41

Which insulins have this action? Start to work: 15 to 30 min Peak Action: 1 to 2 hrs Duration: 3 to 6 Max Duration: 4 to 6

Answer 41

Insulin Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine

Question 42

When does regular insulin? Start to work: Peak Action: Duration: Max Duration:

Answer 42

Start to work: 30 min to 1 hr Peak Action: 2 to 4 hrs Duration: 3 to 6 Max Duration: 6 to 8

Question 43

When does NPH Start to work: Peak Action: Duration: Max Duration:

Answer 43

Start to work: 2 to 4 hr Peak Action: 8 to 10 Duration: 10 to 18 Max Duration: 14 to 20

Question 44

When does insulin glargine and determir Start to work: Peak Action: Duration: Max Duration:

Answer 44

Start to work: 1 to 2hr Peak Action: none Duration: 19 to 20 hr Max Duration: Glargine: 24 hr Determir: 20