Test 1

Question 1

why do single celled organisms not need a circulatory system?

Answer 1

The distance between the surface of a single-celled organism to the center is very small
so oxygen can reach all of the mitochondria in the cell by DIFFUSION and carbon dioxide can pass out in the same way.

Question 2

blood

Answer 2

a tissue that is composed of cells suspended in a liquid which is mostly water

Question 3

blood vessels

Answer 3

tubes that carry the blood to all parts of the body. and are ‘leaky’

Question 4

The heart

Answer 4

a muscular organ that pumps blood around the body.

Question 5

Hemoglobin

Answer 5

Hemoglobin is the pigment molecule which makes these cells, and our blood, appear red.

It transports oxygen from the lungs to the body.

Question 6

Red blood cells also contain an
ENZYME that

Answer 6

helps the blood to remove plenty of carbon dioxide as it flows through respiring tissues.

Question 7

Anemia

Answer 7

a lack of iron in the diet

Question 8

Carbon monoxide

Answer 8

a gas binds permanently to hemoglobin forming carboxyhemoglobin

Question 9

High altitudes

Answer 9

less oxygen in the air at high altitudes

Question 10

2 types of white blood cell

Answer 10

phagocytes and lymphocytes.

Question 11

Phagocytes function

Answer 11

Phagocytes engulf cells, pathogens and cell debris, and digest them within vacuoles

2 types- Monocytes are phagocytes

Question 12

pathogens

Answer 12

an organism causing disease to its host

Question 13

Neutrophils travel in the blood as a’ __________ __________ __________’

Answer 13

‘rapid reaction force’

Question 14

Lymphocytes are concentrated where?

Answer 14

in lymph nodes in organ systems (like the gut, respiratory system and reproductive system)

Question 15

agglutination

Answer 15

Antibodies kill microbes directly or help phagocytes by ‘sticking’ pathogens together in clumps making them easier to engulf.

Question 16

Platelets

Answer 16

are tiny non-nucleated cell fragments formed in the bone marrow.

Question 17

How is Serum prepared?

Answer 17

from blood plasma by removing the blood clotting protein such as fibrinogen.

Question 18

Valves function

Answer 18

prevent the backflow of blood from ventricle to atrium during a heartbeat.

Question 19

right ventricle pumps blood to the

Answer 19

lungs

Question 20

left ventricle pumps blood to the

Answer 20

body

Question 21

The heart beats at about _______ beats per minute

Answer 21

72

Question 22

Systole

Answer 22

The contraction of a chamber of the heart

Question 23

diastole

Answer 23

cardiac muscle is NOT contracting

Question 24

One complete heart beat is called

Answer 24

a cardiac cycle

Question 25

These heart sounds are caused by

Answer 25

the closure of the heart valves.
1st- atrio-ventricular valves closing
2nd- semi-lunar valves closing

Question 26

Whats the main source of the blood pressure?

Answer 26

The contraction of the ventricles

Question 27

2 advantages of double circulatory system

Answer 27

-oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood
are kept separate

• left ventricle pumps blood at a much higher pressure into the systemic circulation than the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.

Question 28

angina

Answer 28

pain across the chest, left arm and shoulder caused by insufcient blood getting to the heart muscle

Question 29

coronary thrombosis

Answer 29

a blockage occurs in a coronary artery so that
some cardiac muscle is starved of blood and dies –this is a heart attack.

Question 30

atherosclerosis

Answer 30

fatty material, particularly cholesterol, is deposited in the inner wall of the coronary arteries.

Question 31

Hypertension

Answer 31

blood pressure is consistently high

Question 32

Treatment of heart disease

Answer 32

-Balloon inflation
- Heart bypass
-Heart transplant