Test 1

Question 1

What statistical method is used to assess whether or not the number of observed individuals with certain phenotypes are an acceptable fit to an expected Mendelian ratio?

Answer 1

chi-square test

Question 2

maternal inheritance is the dominant mode of inheritance for

Answer 2

organelle genes

Question 3

Syntenic genes can assort independently when

Answer 3

They are far apart on a chromosome, and crossing over occurs frequently between the genes.

Question 4

genetic linkage leads to the production of a significantly greater than expected number of gametes containing chromosomes with

Answer 4

parental combinations of alleles

Question 5

in a dihybrid cross exhibiting complete genetic linkage, what would you expect?

Answer 5

two equally frequent gametes containing only parental allele combinations and no recombinant gametes

Question 6

which progeny phenotypic ratio is expected when a diploid monohybrid is selfed?

Answer 6

3:1

Question 7

which progeny phenotypic ratio is expect in a diploid monohybrid testcross

Answer 7

1:1

Question 8

which progeny phenotypic ratio is expected ina cross between a homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive (diploid)?

Answer 8

1:0

Question 9

what is the phenotypic ratio of a cross between heterozygous dominant and wild-type parents?

Answer 9

1:0

Question 10

sexual reproduction uses _____ to generate ______ gametes, which join at fertilization

Answer 10

meiosis; haploid

Question 11

when a diploid cell divides by mitosis, result is ____

Answer 11

identical diploid cells

Question 12

Mendel performed many types of crosses, including those in which the same genotypes are crossed but the sexes of the parents are switched. These are known as ________.

Answer 12

reciprocal crosses

Question 13

holliday junctions are

Answer 13

formed during the process of crossi ng over

Question 14

one genetic map unit (mu) is the distance between genes for which 1 product of meiosis in ____ is recombinant

Answer 14

100

Question 15

what type of allele is often detected as a distortion in segregation ratios, where one class of expected progeny is missing.

Answer 15

lethal allele

Question 16

Syntenic genes can assort independently when

Answer 16

they are far apart on a chromosome and crossing over occurs frequently between the genes.

Question 17

the alleles of linked genes tend to ____

Answer 17

segregate together during gamete production

Question 18

mitosis

Answer 18

1 cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells (diploid)

Question 19

meiosis

Answer 19

1 cell divides into 4 daughter cells with one gamete from each parent.

Question 20

blending theory

Answer 20

viewed the traits in offspring as a mixture of the parental traits

Question 21

pure breeding

Answer 21

breeding two of the same strains together to produce the same phenotype

Question 22

crossbreeding

Answer 22

allow to observe F1 and F2 traits

Question 23

reciprocal crosses

Answer 23

made when the same crossses are made but from different sexes

Question 24

test crosses

Answer 24

are made when a plant is crossed with the recessive pure breeding parent

Question 25

AA

Answer 25

homozygous dominant

Question 26

Aa

Answer 26

heterozygous dominat

Question 27

aa

Answer 27

recessive homozygous

Question 28

autosomal dominant inheritance

Answer 28

have one affected parent, both males and females are affected; traits are expressed in each generation.

Question 29

autosomal recessive inheritance

Answer 29

The affected individual has no affected parents.traits can skip generations

Question 30

chromosomal sex

Answer 30

the presence of sex chromosomes associated with males and females

Question 31

phenotypic sex

Answer 31

the internal and external morphology found in each sex

Question 32

XX

Answer 32

female

Question 33

XY

Answer 33

male

Question 34

law of independent assortment

Answer 34

during the formation of gametes segregation of alleles at one locus is independent of alleles at another locus

Question 35

reject null hypothesis

Answer 35

p>0.05

Question 36

recombination happens in

Answer 36

prophase 1 and meiosis 1

Question 37

sythenic genes

Answer 37

genes located on teh same chromosome

Question 38

linked genes

Answer 38

alleles so close together they cannot sort independently

Question 39

parent no recombinantion

Answer 39

1-r

Question 40

recombination

Answer 40

r

Question 41

incomplete penetrance

Answer 41

when traits are occasionally nonpenetant

Question 42

variable expressivity

Answer 42

the same genotype produces a range of phenotypes that vary in degree

Question 43

gene-environment interactions

Answer 43

when the environment influences the phenotype that perhaps explains incomplete penetrance and variable exoressivity in some instance

Question 44

epistasis

Answer 44

gene interaction where alleles at one gene influence the function of alleles at another gene.

Question 45

same complementation group

Answer 45

mutations that do not complement each other

Question 46

feature sthat make bacteria useful to genticist

Answer 46

genome simplicity, uncomplicated genotypes, rappid generation time, large number of progeny, ease of propagation, numerous heritable differences

Question 47

conjugation

Answer 47

the transfer of replicated DNA from a doner to a recipient

Question 48

transformation

Answer 48

the uptake of DNA from the environment. It is a four step process that is preceded by lysis.

Question 49

transduction

Answer 49

the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another by a viral vector.

Question 50

Fertility plasmid

Answer 50

contains genes that promote its own transfer from donors to recipients

Question 51

Resistance plasmid

Answer 51

caries antibiotic resistance genes that can be transferred to recipient cells

Question 52

prototrophic

Answer 52

WT, complete medium, minimum medium

Question 53

auxotrophic

Answer 53

mutant, complete medium

Question 54

haploinsufficient

Answer 54

one copy of the allele is not enough for wild-type phenotype

Question 55

Lysis

Answer 55

The breakage of a donor cell and fragmentation of the DNA of the donor

Question 56

Cotransformation

Answer 56

Happens when genes are close together

Question 57

Bacteriophage

Answer 57

Viruses (eater of bacteria), infection and parasitize bacteria.

Question 58

a bacterium that is unable to grow on minimal medium is said to be

Answer 58

auxotrophic

Question 59

Joshua Lederberg and Edward Tatum discovered a sex-like process in bacteria using

Answer 59

population of cells with complementing auxotrophs, and the measurement of the generation of prototrophs during microbial mixing

Question 60

Bernard Davis tested the "cross-feeding" interpretation of some data that showed the phenotype of one microbe as capable of being changed by another microbe. His contribution can be summarized as

Answer 60

placing a barrier between bacterial strains with complementing auxotrophs to assess whether contact between cells was required for genetic exchange.

Question 61

An F+ microbial strain would best be described as

Answer 61

a bacterium with a plasmid that confers mating competency (or fertility)

Question 62

An Hfr microbial strain would best be described as

Answer 62

a bacterium is containing a chromosomally integrated plasmid conferring mating competency.

Question 63

what allows the compilation of time-of-entry maps?

Answer 63

the fact that gene entry can proceed in either direction