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2024 Circulatory > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

In this type of flow; the average flow speed is 1/2 the maximum velocity:

A

Parabolic

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2
Q

These vessels contain paired folds of tunica intima within their lumen:

A

Veins

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3
Q

What is the basic definition of serum?

A

-Plasma after clotting;

-A thick yellow fluid.

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4
Q

What is the dominant formed element of blood?

A

Erythrocytes

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5
Q

Percentage of formed elements in whole blood by volume is called:

A

hematocrit

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6
Q

Accounts for the momentary reverse flow seen in distal arterial circulation:

A

The windkessel effect

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7
Q

These vessels consist of thin endothelial tubes with a basement membrane:

A

Capillaries

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8
Q

What brings the blood supply to the vessel wall?

A

The vaso vesorum

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9
Q

Pulmonary vein is the only vein to carry:

A

Oxygenated blood

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10
Q

How many liters of blood is circulating throughout the body?

A

5 liters in average

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11
Q

What are the layers of vessel walls from outer to inner?

A

Tunica adventitia, tunica media, tunica intima

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12
Q

Where is the slowest flow in the circulatory system found?

A

Capillaries

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13
Q

What vessel wall layer is composed of a circular arrangement of smooth muscle fibers?

A

Tunica media

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14
Q

What is found in plasma?

A

Gamma globulins

Water, proteins, albumins, globulins, fibrogens,

salts/nutrients/hormones/waste

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15
Q

Venous flow is considered:

A

Phasic

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16
Q

What has to happen for there to be flow in the arterial system?

A

A pressure difference

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17
Q

Which type of blood cells are responsible for the transport of respiratory gases and is the dominant formed element in circulation?

A

Erythrocytes

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18
Q

These three things play a role in venous return to the heart:

A

Gravity
Respiration
Valves within veins

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19
Q

On expiration; intra-abdominal pressure…

A

Stays the same

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20
Q

Which vessels carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary arteries

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21
Q

Where does lymph enter back into the bloodstream?

A

Brachiocephalic veins

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22
Q

Plasma is primarily composed of what?

A

Water

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23
Q

When Reynolds’s number exceeds ______ - ______, flow becomes turbulent.

A

2,000 - 2,500

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24
Q

Within a vessel, where is the fastest blood flow found?

A

In the middle

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25
What is the biggest factor when you are dealing with resistance?
Tube radius
26
Flow speed:
How fast blood is flowing
27
Flow volume:
Volume passing a point in a unit of time Volume of blood moving during a particular time
28
What are the specialized lymphatic vessels located in the gastrointestinal tract called?
Lacteals
29
Lymph nodes are found…
Below the inguinal canal
30
Which three items are associated with the lymphatic system?
Thymus, spleen, bone marrow
31
Systemic circulation transports blood from the heart to…
All parts of the body except for the lungs
32
When using color Doppler, faster flow is represented by a color that is…
Less saturated; lighter in color
33
Between males and females, which gender has a slightly higher hematocrit?
Males
34
What does the Letter “Q” represent in sonography?
Flow volume
35
Describe the three functions of the lymphatic system:
1. Collects and brings excess fluids into the bloodstream 2. Fights infection 3. Absorbs fat from small intestines and brings them to liver
36
Hemodynamics comes from the Greek words meaning:
Blood and Power
37
Pulmonary circulation transports blood from the heart to…
The lungs
38
Systemic circulation starts with the (blank) and ends with the (blank)
Systemic circulation (heart to body) Starts with the left atrium and ends with the right atrium
39
Pulmonary circulation starts with the (blank) and ends with the (blank)
Pulmonary circulation (heart to lungs) starts with the right atrium and ends with the left atrium
40
Pulmonary veins enter the heart via the
Left atrium
41
Pulmonary arteries exit the heart via the
Right atrium
42
What is open toward the heart and only allows flow to the heart? (Conducts blood from tissue to heart)
Valves
43
Collects blood from capillary beds:
Venules
44
After (blank), there is no more oxygenated blood
Capillaries
45
Deoxygenated blood must go back to the heart so it can go through (blank) and become oxygenated again
Pulmonary circulation
46
(Blank) provides exchange of nutrients at the tissue layer
Capillaries
47
(Blank) have the biggest recoil effect and the highest amount of pressure coming from the heart.
Arteries
48
What vessel transports blood to various body tissues, is under high pressure, and consists of elastic tubes which recoil?
Arteries
49
What is the last branch of the arterial system?
Arterioles
50
4 components of blood:
Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes (platlets) Plasma
51
Systole is (blank), Diastole is (blank)
Systole is pumping, Diastole is filling
52
The heart is a (blank) pump with (blank) chambers
Muscular pump with four chambers (L&R atria, L&R ventricles)
53
What are the two receiving chambers of the heart? (Receives blood)
Right and left atria
54
What are the two pumping chambers of the heart? (Pumps blood out)
Right and left ventricles
55
What are the receiving & pumping chambers if the pulmonary circuit? (1/2 circuits of ♡)
R: left atrium P: right ventricle
56
What are the receiving & pumping chambers if the systemic circuit? (2/2 circuits of heart)
R: right atrium P: left ventricle
57
Oxygenated blood goes (blank) from the heart while deoxygenated blood goes (blank) the heart.
Oxygenated blood - away from ♡ (Lungs -> heart -> body) Deoxygenated blood - towards the ♡ (Body -> heart -> lungs)
58
Systemic circulation begins when…
Pulmonary circulation stops
59
Splenic and mesenteric veins join to form the
Portal vein
60
Type of circulation that is a “side trip” of blood returning from mesentery?
Portal circulation (Main portal vein, capillaries of liver, hepatic veins, ivc, right atrium)
61
What is the inner surface of the entire circulatory system?
Blood vessels
62
A single layer of squamous epithelium that makes up the arteries, arterioles, venules, and veins
The endothelium
63
What vessel wall later is composed of connective tissue with collagenous and elastic fibers?
Tunica adventitia
64
Vessel wall layer where surface is composed of smooth endothelium
Tunica intima
65
Discrete layer only in medium size arteries:
internal elastic lamina (outer surface elastic fibers)
66
Discrete layer only in muscular arteries:
External elastic lamina (layer adjacent to tunica media)
67
-Blood supply to vessel; -Form dense capillary network in adventitia and penetrate outer parts of Tunica media. -smaller vessels nourished by diffusion from blood being transported
Vaso Vesorum
68
What system takes blood away from the Heart?
Arterial system
69
What system takes blood towards the heart?
Venous system
70
What is the only blood vessel that does not have three layers?
Capillaries
71
Thrombocytes/platlets are part of the (blank) process
Blood clotting process
72
A measure of an objects resistance to acceleration
Mass
73
Existing in a state of rest
Inertia
74
The greater the mass, the greater the (blank) because more force is required to accelerate a greater mass.
Inertia
75
The resistance to flow offered by fluid in motion and given in units of poise is the (blank)
Viscosity (the thickness)
76
In order for flow to occur, there must be a (blank)
Pressure difference
77
Equal and opposite pressures applied to both ends of a liquid filled tube would result in (blank)
No flow
78
Flow always move towards….
The area of least resistance
79
The area with the highest amount of pressure in the body is the (blank)
Heart
80
The driving force behind fluid flow is
Pressure
81
-The rate of change of pressure -The pressure difference divided by the distance between the two pressure locations is the (blank). -can be created by the ♡ pumping blood.
Pressure gradient
82
The relationship between pressure difference and resistance to flow is called (blank)
Poiseuilles Law
83
The amount of blood that is moving at one time is the (blank)
Flow velocity
84
Increase in pressure gradient causes a(n) (blank) in flow
An increase in flow
85
Increase in resistance causes a(n) (blank) in flow
A decrease in flow
86
What % of plasma is in blood?
Over half ; 55%
87
What % of water makes up plasma?
About 90%
88
Flow resistance depends on (blank) (3)
Fluid viscosity, tube length, and radius
89
How big of a resistance there is is the (blank)
Radius
90
As blood moves away from the ♡, what happens to the cross sectional area of the circulatory system?
It increases dramatically
91
What happens to the velocity as blood moves away from the heart?
The velocity decreases (Reminder: velocity is the amount)
92
As you switch from capillaries to the venous side, what happens to the velocity and flow speed?
Velocity starts off slow and then increases in speed as it gets closer to the heart

2024 Circulatory (5 decks)

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