Test 1 Flashcards
(47 cards)
what is toxicology
the study of the ways poisons
interact with biological systems
toxicant
A substance that will cause a harmful effect when
administered to a living organism
toxin
a toxicant produced by a living organism (or by a biological process)
hazard
the ability of a chemical to produce
toxicity in receptor (harm, adverse response)
exposure
pathway for substance to be
transferred to a receptor (frequency, duration,
route)
risk
the probability that the hazard will occur
under defined conditions (incl. exposure)
calculation for risk
risk = hazard x exposure
Environmental toxicology
ecological effects of chemical toxicity
what started the modern environmental movement
Silent Spring by Rachel Carson
Xenobiotic
Foreign to the body
Anthropogenic
Human-made
acute exposure
less than 96 hours, single dose
chronic exposure
long duration, continuous exposure
dose-response x-axis
exposure
dose-response y-axis
response
quantal response examples
if the organism died, if the organism got cancer, etc. things you can know 100%
endpoint
quantifiable response related to exposure
NOEC
no observed effect concentration - highest concentration with no observable effects, not different from the control
LOEC
lowest observed effect concentration - lowest concentration that is significantly different than the control
what are the 2 ways to plot toxicity data
time-based plot, dose/concentration-based plot
biomarker / biochemical marker
The subcellular response of the living organisms is used to indicate the effect of a substance, departure from normal status
Lifetime
average time a toxicant spends in a particular compartment (AKA Residency Time)
Persistence
tendency of a toxicant to remain in a particular compartment
(Toxicant with a longer lifetime is more persistent)
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
organic molecule, toxicants featuring lifetime
(or half-life) greater than one year
