Test 1

Question 1

what are the three major compounds found in cells

Answer 1

lipids, carbs, proteins

Question 2

what are lipids composed of

Answer 2

C, H, O

Question 3

what are lipids produced for

Answer 3

protection and storing extra energy (seal!)

Question 4

how are lipids named

Answer 4

number of fatty acids attached to glycerol: mono/di/triglycerides

Question 5

what are carbs made of

Answer 5

C, H, and O

Question 6

what are carbs a primary source of

Answer 6

energy (pasta loading)

Question 7

how are carbs named

Answer 7

number of simple sugars : mono, di, polysaccharide

Question 8

what are proteins made of

Answer 8

C, H, O, and N (nitrogen to form amino acids)

Question 9

how are proteins named

Answer 9

number of amino acids: di, polypeptide

Question 10

hydrolysis

Answer 10

breaks molecule by adding water

Question 11

condensation

Answer 11

joins molecules by removing water

Question 12

saturated fats

Answer 12

C-C bonds, linear structure and easily stacks to form a solid at room temp

Question 13

trans fats

Answer 13

C=C bonds, chemically linear structure and easily stacks to form a solid at room temp

Question 14

unsaturated fats

Answer 14

C=C bonds, bent structure that do not easily stack, liquid at room temp

Question 15

what does the cell membrane do

Answer 15

keeps the cell seperate from the external environment and regulates materials that are able to enter and leave the cell

Question 16

explain the fluid mosiac model

Answer 16

lipids held together by cholesterols and proteins
lipids: act as a barrier to water
Cholesterols: add strength
Proteins: enable ions and water-soluble materials to enter the cell, give the cell identity and act as attachment sites

Question 17

what is transport

Answer 17

the passing of materials from the fluid environment across the cell membrane to the cytoplasm

Question 18

what is active transport

Answer 18

-transport of materials across the cell membrane using ATP
-low to high concentration

Question 19

what is passive transport

Answer 19

-molecules enter a cell without the need of ATP
-high to low concentration

Question 20

simple diffusion

Answer 20

moves hydrophobic materials across the cell membrane

Question 21

facilitated diffusion/transport

Answer 21

moves hydrophilic materials across the cell membrane using transport proteins

Question 22

3 types of facilitated transport proteins

Answer 22

channel, gate, carrier

Question 23

autonomic vs somaitc systems?

Answer 23

autonomic: automatic
somatic: consciously
-sensory division (Afferent): recpetors to CNS
-motor divison (Efferent) : CNS to muscles

Question 24

sympathetic vs parasympathetic systems

Answer 24

sympathetic: flight/flight
parasympathetic: relax/digest

Question 25

frontal lobe

Answer 25

problem solving

Question 26

parietal lobe

Answer 26

touch, handwriting, body position

Question 27

temporal lobe

Answer 27

memory, hearing

Question 28

occipital lobe

Answer 28

visual

Question 29

dendrite

Answer 29

begins impulse, sends to axons

Question 30

axon

Answer 30

sends impulse to synapse

Question 31

schawann cell

Answer 31

forming myelin sheath

Question 32

myelin sheath

Answer 32

protective coating around axon

Question 33

node of ranvier

Answer 33

space between myelin sheaths, speeds up impulses

Question 34

all or none response

Answer 34

a neuron has a required limit of -55mV stimulus to cause an impulse

Question 35

resting potential

Answer 35

-polarized -at rest more sodium outside

Question 36

action potential

Answer 36

-depolarized -impulse sent through neuron sodium moves inside

Question 37

refractory period

Answer 37

-repolarized -uses pump (ATP) -sodium moves out

Question 38

what happens at a synapse

Answer 38

1. presynaptic neuron relases neurotransmitters into synapse 2. neurotransmitters bind to receptors on dendrites of the postsynaptic neuron

Question 39

sensory neuron

Answer 39

-recieves info -sends info from sensory cell (Affector) to CNS (interneuron)

Question 40

interneuron

Answer 40

-integratioin center -sends info to motor neuron

Question 41

motor neuron

Answer 41

-smooth excecution -sends info to effector cell (muscle/organ)

Question 42

how do we hear

Answer 42

1. sounds create vibrations 2. external ear focuses to eardrum 3. eardrum to ossicles 4. ossicles to cochlea 5. hair cells in cochlea move 6. auditory nerve to brain

Question 43

how do we see

Answer 43

1. light enters cornea 2. iris adjusts pupil 3. lens focuses light onto retina 4. retina converts light to impulses 5. optic nerve to brain

Question 44

nearsighted

Answer 44

-eye is too long, focal point in front of retina -focal point is moved back, concave lens

Question 45

farsighted

Answer 45

-eye too short, focal point behind retina -focal point moved forward, convex lens

Question 46

astigmatism

Answer 46

-cornea has odd shape, multiple focal points -astigmatic corrective lens

Question 47

nerves vs hormones

Answer 47

nerves: send info fast via chemo-electrical impulses hormones: send info slow via chemiclas in blood

Question 48

pineal gland

Answer 48

produces melatonin

Question 49

pituitary

Answer 49

controls the functioning of other glands

Question 50

thyroid

Answer 50

metabolism

Question 51

thymus

Answer 51

matures blood stem cells

Question 52

adrenal

Answer 52

stress

Question 53

pancreas

Answer 53

digestion, blood sugar

Question 54

positive/negative feedback

Answer 54

positive amplifies response: oxytocin release during labor negative decreases response: rising levels of hormones estrogen and progesterone signal the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to decrease their production

Question 55

protein hormones

Answer 55

are polar so can't enter cell, require second messenger

Question 56

steriod hormones

Answer 56

are non-polar, are able to enter a target cell directly