Test 1 Flashcards by Lesley Enns

Equal anteroposterior to transverse ratio and ribs appear horizontal

Barrel chest

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A markedly sunken sternum and adjacent cartilages

Pectus excavatum

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A forward protrusion of the sternum with ribs sloping back at either side

Pectus carinatum

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A later S shaped curvature of the thoracic and lumbar spine

Scoliosis

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An exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic spine and causes significant pain and limited function

Kyphosis

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Rapid SHALLOW breathing increased rate of more than 24/min

Tachypnea

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An increased rate and depth of respiration typically occurs with exertion fear or anxiety

Hyperventilation

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slow breathing that is a decreased but regular rate below 10/min

Bradypnea

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An irregular shallow pattern caused by an overdose of narcotics prolonged bed rest or anesthetic

Hypoventilation

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A regular cycle where the rate and depth of respirations gradually increase than decrease

Cheyne stokes respiration

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An irregular cycle where the rate and depth of respiration gradually increase than decrease

Biots respiration

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Normal inspiration and propping expiration to overcome increased airway resistance

Chronic obstructive breathing

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Vibrations felt on the chest wall

Tactile fremitus

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Indicative of dense or inflamed tissues due to decrease of air in pleural space

Increased tactile Fremitus

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Increased air in lungs due to hyperinflation

Rhoncial fremitus

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Is caused by mvmt of rough inflamed pleural surfaces rubbing together

Pleural friction fremitus

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a high pitched whistle on expiration caused by air moving through tight airways

Sibilant wheeze

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A high pitched squeaking on inspiration or expiration is called

Stridor

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A low pitched wheeze caused by secretions in the airway

Sonorous rhonchi wheeze

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A partial or whole lung collapse will cause

Atelectasis

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An acute inflammation of a whole lobe

Lobar pneumonia

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Caused by infection of the bronchi they become irritated and inflamed

Bronchitis

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Surface area available for oxygen exchange is decreased due to damaged alveoli

Emphysema

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Scar tissue thickens the pleural membrane

Pleural effusion thickening

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In this condition the heart does not pump efficiently and causes blood and fluids to collect in the lungs causing sob

CHF

In this condition an air leak causes the lung to collapse

Pneumothorax

Pneumonia caused by yeast like fungus

Pneumocystitis jiroveci pneumonia

This resp condition has airborne transmission and can cause chest pain cough and sputum with blood

Tuberculosis

Cause of this resp condition is a blood clot lodging in the lung

Pulmonary embolism

Occurs when fluid accumulates in the alveoli and prevents oxygen exchange occurs with sepsis and burns

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Eyelids are swollen and puffy

Peri orbital edema

When eye ball is displaced forward the lid lags and white sclera is visible

Exopthalamos

A narrowed palpebral fissure eyeballs recess there is loss of fat in the orbits

Enophtalamos

Positional effect that gives a sleepy appearance and can impair vision

Ptosis

When the lower lid is loose and rolls outward and does not approximate to the eyeball

Ectropian

When the lower lip rolls inward due to a spasm of the eye lid or contraction of scar tissue

Entropian

Red scaly greasy flakes and thickened crusted eyelid margins

Blepharitis

Beady nodule protruding on the eyelid non tender firm and freely moving

Chalazion

Caused by a local staph infection of the hair follicles at the eyelid margin typically red painful and swollen

Stye

Caused by blockage of the nasolacrimal sac and duct. Pain warmth redness and swelling below the inner canthus

Dacryocystitis

Popular with an ulcerated center with rolled out pearly edges

Basal cell carcinoma

Infection of the lacrimal gland causing pain swelling and redness to occur in the other third of the upper eyelid

Dacryodentitis

Purulent discharge caused by a bacterial infection causes itching burning and the feeling of a foreign body

Conjunctivitis

Red patch on the sclera

Sub conjunctival hematoma

A deep dull red halo around the iris and cornea is a redness is more prominent at the periphery

Iritis

Pupil is oval and dilated with redness around the iris caused by increased ocular pressure

Acute glaucoma

A triangle opaque wing of bulbar conjunctiva overgrows toward the center of the cornea

Pterygium

Irregular ridges are visible when fluorescing stain reveals yellow or green branching

Corneal abrasion

Blood in the anterior chamber or spontaneous hemorrhage

Hyphema

Unequal pupil size

Aniscoria

When blindness dimming or fogging affects one eye for a period of time

Monocular blindness

Constricted and fixed pupils

Miosis

Dilated and fixed pupils

Mydriasis

Reddish blue discoloration and swelling of pinna after exposure to extreme cold

Frostbite

Infection of the outer ear with severe pain with movement redness and swelling of pinna and canal

Otitis externa

Nodule with a black central punct indicate blocked sebaceous material

Sebaceous cyst

Small white yellow hard no tender nodule in or near the helix or anti helix contains greasy chalky material

Tophi

Painful nodules on the rim of the helix due to repetitive pressure a small indurater dull red and painful

Chondrodermatitis nodularis helices

Overgrowth of scar tissue it invades the original site of trauma

Keloid

Ulcerated crusted nodule with insulated base that fails to heal and can occasionally bleed

Carcinoma

Pt has sensation of ear fullness and sudden hearing loss

Excessive cerumen

Single stony hard round nodule that obscures the ear drum and is non tender

Osteoma

Small hard rounded nodules of the hypertrophic bone , usually multiple and found bilaterally

Exostosis

Very painful reddened infected hair follicle

Furuncle

Arises from granulomattous or mucosal tissue appears red and bleeds easily

Polyp

Malleus handle is shorter this is prominent and the light reflex is absent eardrum is dull with no movement

Retracted eardrum

Eardrum is Amber yellow as there is serum in the middle ear due to a blocked Eustachian tube

Otitis media with effusion

Middle ear is infected absent light reflex there is redness fever pain and bulging eardrum

Acute otitis media

Surgery to relieve middle ear pressure and promote drainage of fluid for recurrent middle ear infections

Insertion of tympanostomy tubes

Dense white patches on the ear drum typically from repeated infections

scarred ear drum

Presence of blood in the middle ear

Blue ear drum

Colony of black or white dots on the ear drum and canal wall

Fungal infection

Multiply each stage by 2

Pitting edema

Pale skin

Pallor

Yellow skin

Jaundice

Blue skin

Cyanosis

Red skin

Erythema

Normal curvature of nail

160 degrees or under

Nosebleed

Epistaxis

Hole in septum

Perforated septum

Small boil in the skin of the mucous membrane that is swollen and painful

Furuncle

Signs are clear watery discharge with dark red swollen turbinates

Acute rhinitis

Rhinorrhea itching of the nose eyes and defeating nasal congestion sneezing and turbinates are pale

Allergic rhinitis

Symptoms are red swollen nasal mucosa swollen turbinates and purulent discharge fever chills and malaise

Sinusitis

Smooth pale grey nodules and overgrowth of the mucosa typically caused by chronic allergic rhinitis

Nasal polyps

Split in lip

Cleft lip

Shallow painful fissures at the corners of the mouth due to excess saliva and candida infection

Angular Cheilitis

Round well defined translucent nodule that is less than 2 cm

Mucocele

White chalky thick raised patch that has well defined borders

Leupkoplakia

When the upper and lower dental arches are not in alignment and incisors protrude

Malocclusion

Painless enlargement of the gums

Gingival hyperplasia

Vesicles at first then they become small round punched out ulcers with a white base surrounded by a red halo

Apthous ulcers

White patch in the buccal mucosa and tongue that scrapes off leaving a red raw surface

Candidiasis

A small blue white spot with an irregular red halo scattered over the mucosa opposite the molars

Kopliks spots

Elongated Golfert papillae and overgrowth of mycelial threads of fungal infection on the tongue

Black hairy tongue

Short lingual frenulum fixing the tongue tip to the floor of the mouth

Ankyloglossia

Deep furrows divide the papillae into small irregular rows

Fissured tongue

Normal coating interspersed with bright red shiny circular bald areas with raised pearly borders

Geographic tongue

Surface is smooth and shiny mucosa thins and looks red and causes dryness and burning

Glossy tongue

An ulcer with rolled edges and is indurated typically occurs on the base and under the tongue, limited movement

Carcinoma

Congenital defect involving failure of fusion of the maxillary process

Cleft palate

Caused by a junction at the hard and soft palate and may affect speech development

Bifid uvula

Appears bruised like dark red violet confluent macula typically on the hard palate

Oral karposis sarcoma

Bright red swollen throat swollen tonsils with white or yellow exudate, uvula is enlarged and tender

Acute tonsillitis and pharyngitis

Test 1 Flashcards

(106 cards)