Test 2 Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
P wave
A
Depolarizing atria
2
Q
PR wave
A
Fully depolarized, sends impulse to AV node
3
Q
QRS complex
A
Ventricle depolarizes
4
Q
T wave
A
Repolarization of the ventricles
5
Q
Venous stasis
A
Accumulation of blood in veins, impaired venous return, when blood is not flowing effectively back to the heart
6
Q
Venous claudication
A
Pain in legs from reduced venous outflow, blood not able to flow efficiently out of legs
7
Q
S1 and S2
A
S1 lub
S2 dub
8
Q
Where is s1 loudest
A
Apex (bottom)
9
Q
Where is s2 loudest
A
Base (top)
10
Q
Bruit
A
Turbulent blood flow through narrow or obstructed blood vessel, occurs with abdominal aortic aneurism, renal artery stenosis and partial occlusion of femoral arteries
11
Q
Temporal artery
A
In front of ear
12
Q
Carotid artery
A
Between trachea and sternocleidomastoid muscle
13
Q
Femoral pulse
A
In the groin
14
Q
Popliteal pulse
A
Behind knee in the center
15
Q
Dorsal is pedis artery
A
Top of foot
16
Q
Posterior tibial artery
A
Achilles tendon
17
Q
Plantar pulse
A
Bottom of foot
18
Q
Brachial artery
A
Travels down arm and splits into the radial and ulnar arteries. Right cubical fossa
19
Q
Radial and ulnar pulse
A
Felt at the wrist
20
Q
Grading a pulse
A
3 full bounding increased
2 normal
1 weak
0 absent
21
Q
Stool characteristics
A
Brown for adults yellow for infants, formed and soft daily or 2/3 times per week, resembles diameter of rectum, aromatic, undigested roughage, sloughed dead bacteria, epithelial cells, fat, protein, dried constituents of digestive juices
22
Q
Biceps reflex
A
Inner elbow, hit tendon with thumb on tendon
23
Q
Triceps reflex
A
Funny bone, hold arm up and relax forearm
24
Q
radialis
A
Wrist, 2-3cm above the radial stylus process, forearm shoulder extend
25
Quadriceps reflex
Under the knee, extension of lower leg
26
Achilles reflex
Pt sitting with knees flexed and hip rotated out, hold patients foot in dorsiflefioj and strike the Achilles tendon directly
27
Flexion
Bending limb at a joint
28
Extension
Extending the limb at a joint
29
Abduction
Moving limb away from midline of body
30
Adduction
Moving limb towards midline of the body
31
Pronation
Palm down
32
Supination
Palm up
33
Circumduction
Moving arm in a circle around the shoulder
34
Inversion
Moving sole of foot inwards at the ankle
35
eversion
Moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
36
Rotation
Moving head around in a central access
37
Cranial nerve 1
Olfactory, assess sense of smell
38
Cranial 2
Optic nerve
Visual acuity, test visual fields, look at optic disk
39
Cranial nerve 3
Oculomotor
Constriction of pupils accommodation
40
Cranial nerve 4
Trochlear
Directional test
41
Cranial nerve 5
Trigeminal
Touch sclera to blink
Cotton in forehead, test deep sensation using blunt and sharp items; identify warmth and coldness
42
Abducens
Using penlight ask to follow directions of penlight, directional test
43
Cranial nerve 7
Facial nerve
Smile raise brows, frown, puff out cheeks, close eyes tightly, identify tastes on tip and sides
44
Cranial nerve 8
Vestibulocochlear
Whisper test
45
Cranial nerve 9
Glossopharyngeal
Say ah, watch for uvula rising
46
Cranial nerve 10
Vagus
Swallow and speak check for hoarseness
47
Cranial nerve 11
Accessory
Shrug shoulders and turn head against resistance
48
Cranial nerve 12
Hypoglossal
Stick tongue out move side to side
49
Glasgow coma scale
Assesses state of brain, checks eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. 15=alert 7=coma
50
How to poop
Squat, relaxes puborectalis muscle
51
Spinous process
Bony projection that extends posteriorly from the vertebral arch on each vertebra. Attachment point for muscles and ligaments
52
Epiphysis
End part of a long bone initially growing separately from the shaft
53
Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral curve of spine
54
Kyphosis
An excessive rounding of the upper back dt weakness in the spinal bones
55
Lordosis
Natural curve of the lower lumbar area
56
Polydactyl
Extra fingers or toes
57
Baby cn8
Moro reflex blinking or flailing hands out in response to loud noise
58
Baby cn 9/10
Swallow and gag reflex
59
RUQ contains
Liver gallbladder duodenum and head of pancreas
60
LUQ contains
Stomach spleen left lobe of liver body of pancreas left kidney and adrenal glands parts of ascending and transverse colon
61
RLQ contains
Cecum, appendix, right ovary and fallopian right ureter right spermatic cord
62
LLQ contains
Part of descending colon, sigmoid colon left ovary and fallopian tube left ureter and spermatic cord
63
Scaphoid
Small boat shaped bone in wrist on thumb side
64
Distended
Swollen dt pressure from the inside
65
Aortic pulsation
Rhythmic expansion and contraction of the aorta
66
Ascites
Fluid in peritoneal cavity
67
Dullness
Organ or fluid
68
Tympani
Air filled structure
69
Hyper resonance
A clinical finding where the sound produced by tapping on the chest wall is loud low and booming
70
Stereo gnosis
Identify objects with touch alone
71
Graphesthesia
Recognize numbers or letters on skin
72
Tactile extinction
Inability to perceive stimulus on 1 side of the body when touched simultaneously
73
Decorticate rigidity
Neurological sign indicating brain damage or dysfunction where the arms flex at elbows and legs extend
74
Decerebrate rigidity
Decerebrate posture or extensor posturing is a neurological sign indicating brain damage
75
Opisthotonos
Rigid arches back and head thrown back
76
Tetralogy of fallout
Heart defect of 4 different problems, v septal defect, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis and right ventricular hypertrophy
77
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Spasm of small arteries causes episodes of reduced blood flow to end arterioles
78
Ankylosing spondylitis
Inflammatory arthritis affecting the spine
79
Ankle brachial index calculation
Calculated by dividing the systolic bp at the ankle by the systolic bp in arm
80
Allen test
Used to evaluate the adequacy of collateral circulation before cannulating the radial artery
81
Bowel sounds order of assessments
Inspection auscultation percussion palpation
82
Scaphoid abdomen or protuberant abdomen
Scaphoid- sunken appearance of the abdomen
Protuberant- bulging or distended abdomen
83
Pyrosis
Heartburn
84
Hematemesis
Vomiting blood
85
All other systems assessments order
Inspection palpation percussion and auscultation
Palpation last in abdomen assessment
86
Murphy sign
Maneuver to assess for acute cholecystitis or inflammation of gallbladder, palpating ruq of abdomen while pt takes a deep breath
87
Iliopsas
The muscle tested in appendicitis
88
How long to listen till bowel sounds are heard
5 mins
89
descriptors for abdomens
Flat, rounded, scaphoid, sunken, protuberant bulging.
90
Muscle strength grading
0 zerono muscle contraction paralysis
1 trace, slight muscle contraction no movement
2 poor, muscle contraction with full rom but not against gravity
3 fair, muscle contraction against gravity full rom
4. Muscle contraction against some resistance full rom
5. Normal muscle contraction against full resistance, full rom
91
Grading tendon reflexes
0 absent reflex always abnormal
1 slight but present response potentially abnormal
2 brisk response normal
3 very brisk response potentially abnormal
4 repeated reflex always abnormal
92
Crepitations
Crackles or rales, abnormal sounds than can be heard while breathing on inspiration
93
Ortoloni test
Detects developmental dysplasia involves abducting infants hip while applying by pressure to proximal thigh
94
Phalen test
Series of movements and positions that help diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome, pressure to median nerve
95
Damage to facial nerve
Facial asymmetry with weakness or paralysis on affected side ask pt to smile frown show teeth lift eyebrows
96
Rapid alternating movements
If not able, may be experiencing cerebellar dysfunction symptom of ataxia
97
What does it mean when 1 pupil is dilated
Suggests compression or injury to 3rd cranial nerve and upper brainstem
98
Dermatome
Areas of skin on your body that rely on specific nerve connections on your spine
99
Assessing after iv medication
15-30 mins to assess meds effectiveness
100
Timed up and go test
Evaluated a persons functional mobility and fall risk, timing how long it takes pt to stand from chair walk short distance turn and walk back and sit down. Assess balance walking and ability to
101
Criteria for MAID
18+, have decision making capacity, be suffering from grievous and irremediable medical condition. Must be voluntary and not the result of external pressure and informed consent given
