Test 1

Question 1

Hippocrates

Answer 1

Father of Modern Medicine

Question 2

What dud Hippocrates do

Answer 2

• Established the 1st school of medicine
  -examined disease through observation and deduction
  -Made the point that stabilization is crucial

Question 3

What did Hippocrates establish that is still used today.

Answer 3

Hippocratic Oath
- taken by all physicians
-requires to swear to uphold ethical standards
- break oath means you can loose the right to practice medicine

Question 4

Roman Medicine

Answer 4

• inspired by the Greek
• Large rise in physician schools and advancement in public health
• natural remedies like honey and vinegar were used for wounds
• The injuries from Roman soldiers made for medical advancements.

Question 5

Renaissance medicine

Answer 5

• Very little progress
• Continued Roman Empire treatments/ little advancements
• Anatomy and functions were more developed understanding
• advancements in skeletal systems

Question 6

Hugh Owen Thomas

Answer 6

Father of Orthopaedics
- first one 1857-1890
- focused on fractures
- Innovations
- Thomas test and exam, thomas Splint, Thomas wrench
- practiced for the poor in Liverpool

Question 7

Orthopedic Surgeons

Answer 7

At first physicians turned into surgeons, and then they developed specialties as they focused more on the musculoskeletal care.
- Fracture management was the primary

Question 8

Sir John Charnley

Answer 8

Invented bone cement

Question 9

George Goodfellow

Answer 9

Father of Trauma
- expert in gunshot wounds
pioneered spinal anesthesia

Question 10

Herodicus

Answer 10

Father of Sports Medicine
- First to recommend exercise for treatment

Question 11

Hippocrates

Answer 11

Father of Spine
- studied spinal anatomy
- named pathologies, structures and curves of the spine

Question 12

Curves of the spine

Answer 12

Cervical ( by the neck) C1-C7
Thoracic ( middle body) T1-T12
Lumbar ( lower body) L1- L5

Question 13

Harrington Rod

Answer 13

Developed by Paul Harrington
- reduced curvatures and enhanced stability
- This was developed for scoliosis

Question 14

tendons

Answer 14

muscle to bone

Question 15

Ligament

Answer 15

bone to bone

Question 16

cartilage

Answer 16

cushion between bones

Question 17

Femur

Answer 17

Thigh bone

Question 18

Tibia

Answer 18

Medial shin bone

Question 19

Fibula

Answer 19

Lateral shin bone

Question 20

Humerus

Answer 20

upper arm bone

Question 21

Radius

Answer 21

lateral forearm bone

Question 22

Ulna

Answer 22

Medial forearm bone

Question 23

Metacarpals

Answer 23

Handbones

Question 24

Metatarsals

Answer 24

Foot bones

Question 25

Medial

Answer 25

Midline or more towards the midline

Question 26

Proximal

Answer 26

towards the superior end of the body

Question 27

Distal

Answer 27

Towards the inferior end of the body

Question 28

superficial

Answer 28

towards the skin

Question 29

lateral

Answer 29

away from the midline of the body

Question 30

Deep

Answer 30

deeper in the body farther away from the skin

Question 31

Superior

Answer 31

Above

Question 32

Inferior

Answer 32

below

Question 33

Posterior

Answer 33

Dorsal or behind

Question 34

Anterior

Answer 34

front of the body

Question 35

prone

Answer 35

laying on stomach

Question 36

supine

Answer 36

laying on back

Question 37

Fowlers

Answer 37

Beach chair

Question 38

Trendelenburg

Answer 38

laying on back at an incline with head more towards the ground

Question 39

Sagittal

Answer 39

Separates the right and left side of the body

Question 40

transverse plane

Answer 40

separates the superior and inferior

Question 41

Frontal plane

Answer 41

separates the anterior and posterior

Question 42

extension

Answer 42

increase in angle, the straightening of a joint

Question 43

Flexsion

Answer 43

decrease of an angle, bending of a joint

Question 44

Clinical journals

Answer 44

current progress current trends find solutions enrich understandings

Question 45

Primary

Answer 45

originals surveys case reports conference proceedings editorials correspondence letters

Question 46

secondary

Answer 46

narrative reviews systematic reviews meta analysis book reviews guidelines commentary

Question 47

scissors

Answer 47

used for cutting

Question 48

Martin Kirschner

Answer 48

Invented the K wire

Question 49

RCT

Answer 49

In medical research, "RCT" refers to a Randomized Controlled Trial. This type of study design is considered the "gold standard" for evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention, like a new drug or treatment, because it minimizes bias and allows for a strong determination of cause-and-effect relationships.

Question 50

forceps

Answer 50

grasping - extension of finger tips

Question 51

clamps

Answer 51

for clamping and control bleeding

Question 52

retractors

Answer 52

pulls and dissects to clear surgical field

Question 53

Osteotomes

Answer 53

sharp edge placed on a bone to cut

Question 54

Curettes

Answer 54

straight or spoon shaped tip to scrape bone and soft tissues