Test 2 Trauma

Question 1

Continuum of Care

Answer 1

Is not a straight path, can be a path of going right to invasive, but most of the time the process of moving from non invasive to invasive

Question 2

Order of least invasive to invasive

Answer 2

1. Administration of NSAIDS
2. Physical therapy,
   3.Casting
3. Minimally Invasive Surgery
4. Open surgery

Question 3

Muscle Strains

Answer 3

Inflammations and swelling occurs. muscle fibers regenerate which causes healing.

Question 4

Muscle Strain Grades

Answer 4

1 little strains
2 partial tear
3 full tear

Question 5

Tendons

Answer 5

Tear away from bone
typically in the rotator cuff and bicep
they rupture with the tendon
Achilles

Question 6

Ligament

Answer 6

Bone to bone connection
Treatment by severity
A grade 1 can heal in weeks when collagen fibers grow

Question 7

Least invasive to most

Answer 7

rest ice
physical therapy
nasids

Question 8

Fractures

Answer 8

breaks in continuity of bone
bone force exceeds strength
- can be caused by direct or indirect violence

Question 9

Distal radius

Answer 9

wrist fracture that is most common in children

Question 10

Stress Fracture

Answer 10

repetitive stress on the bone can cause cracks

Question 11

Insufficiency stress

Answer 11

normal force on weak bones = low bone density

Question 12

Pathological Fractures

Answer 12

bone weakened from previous diseases
- reduced force needed to break
- metastatic lesions
- Benign bone tumors
-Cancer

Question 13

Long Bones

Answer 13

Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Metacarpals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

Question 14

Fracture on the side that is very minor

Answer 14

Hair line fracture

Question 15

Bone breaks about 3/4 of the way through, kind of like a treebranch where it stays together. Most common in children.

Answer 15

Greenstick

Question 16

A diagonal fracture where the bone is still in the same position

Answer 16

Oblique nondisplaced

Question 17

A diagonal fracture where the bones are misaligned and need surgery to be realigned

Answer 17

Oblique Displaced

Question 18

A fracture that is inside the body

Answer 18

A closed fracture

Question 19

A fracture that is through the skin

Answer 19

open fracture

Question 20

Transverse

Answer 20

A fracture straight across the bone ( transverse plan)

Question 21

many bone fragments that are within the fracture

Answer 21

Comminuted

Question 22

Fracture that is in a spiral diagonal formation

Answer 22

Spiral

Question 23

Compound

Answer 23

Oblique open displaced fracture

Question 24

Bone location

Answer 24

what bone and where is the fracture on that bone

Question 25

Inter articular

Answer 25

Fracture involves the joint

Question 26

Extra articular

Answer 26

Fracture does not involve the joint

Question 27

Angulation

Answer 27

what angle the fracture is at

Question 28

Apex position

Answer 28

anterior or posterior

Question 29

proximal humerus

Answer 29

shoulder

Question 30

midshaft tibia

Answer 30

shin

Question 31

metadiaphyseal femur

Answer 31

thigh

Question 32

distal radius

Answer 32

wrist

Question 33

Varus

Answer 33

deviates inward

Question 34

Valgus

Answer 34

away from midline

Question 35

Avulsion

Answer 35

Tendon or ligament that pulls the bone - distal ulna - medial distal tibia -proximal humerus

Question 36

Nightstick fracture

Answer 36

ulna

Question 37

monteggia fracture

Answer 37

dislocation of radial head

Question 38

Hip Fractures

Answer 38

Can involve head neck and trochanters

Question 39

Neck

Answer 39

fracture in neck of femur lead to AUN

Question 40

Intertrochanter

Answer 40

Fracture between greater and lesser trochanter

Question 41

Subtrochanteric

Answer 41

below 5cm of the lesser trochanter very instable fracture

Question 42

Healing stages

Answer 42

1. Hematoma blood clot forms around the site 2. Inflammation -cells and microphages, stem cells form granulation tissues 3. Soft Callus - 2 weeks after, stiffer immobilization = lesser amount of callus flexible = abundant amount of callus 4. Hard callus

Question 43

Primary healing

Answer 43

absolute stability, meaning this needs surgical intervention to be able to heal.

Question 44

secondary bone healing

Answer 44

heals naturally through callus formation

Question 45

Neer

Answer 45

proximal humerus

Question 46

Garden

Answer 46

femoral neck

Question 47

schatzker

Answer 47

tibia plateau

Question 48

weber

Answer 48

ankle

Question 49

Tscherne

Answer 49

Soft tissues

Question 50

AO / OTA

Answer 50

this is done in a numerical and alphabetic

Question 51

1

Answer 51

humerus/ clavicle/ scapula

Question 52

2

Answer 52

radius / ulna

Question 53

3

Answer 53

femur/ patella

Question 54

4

Answer 54

tibia / fibula

Question 55

5

Answer 55

spine

Question 56

6

Answer 56

Pelvis / acetabulum

Question 57

7

Answer 57

Hand

Question 58

8

Answer 58

foot

Question 59

9

Answer 59

Craniomaxillofacial

Question 60

On the bone

Answer 60

1. Proximal 2. Midshaft 3. Distal

Question 61

A

Answer 61

simple fractures

Question 62

B

Answer 62

Wedge fractures

Question 63

c

Answer 63

multifragmentation pieces

Question 64

4 AO principals

Answer 64

1. Anatomical reduction- achieve proper alignment of fractured bones 2. Stable internal Fixation - Ensure stabilization of bone with internal devices, method is chosen by extent of injury 3. Preservation of blood - maintain circulation of blood to area that is injured to promote healing and oxygen to the area, preserve the periosteum too. 4. early mobilization- initiate movement and mobilization as soon as possible to enhance recovery, get patients to PT as soon as possible.

Question 65

Broken bones are not always emergent except when

Answer 65

Vascular or neural compromise

Question 66

C-arm

Answer 66

portable x-ray need AP or ML or lateral need both views

Question 67

plates

Answer 67

functions determined by application not shape

Question 68

Neutralization

Answer 68

plate neutralized forces and bending

Question 69

Buttress (anti glide )

Answer 69

supports bone fragments from sliding ( like in the tibia, when part of the head fractures and then slides out of the joint area)

Question 70

Bridging

Answer 70

providing stability and alignment w/o engaging fracture fragments. take plate and put screws in at each side, this then forms a bridge and pulls fragments together to enforce healing

Question 71

Tension band

Answer 71

create tensions between fragments to promote healing

Question 72

Compression

Answer 72

places compress fracture sites to promote healing

Question 73

Bone screw

Answer 73

inclined plane or ramp around a cylinder - redirect force - internal fixator - bone to bone - plate to bone

Question 74

Titanium

Answer 74

reduced mri, allergy, and biologic conerns

Question 75

Surgical grade stainless steel

Answer 75

non magnetic

Question 76

hardware is removed when

Answer 76

infection, patient discomfort, breakage, allergic reaction

Question 77

Cortical

Answer 77

for dense compact bone

Question 78

Cancellous

Answer 78

spongy bone

Question 79

cannulated

Answer 79

hollow center, used for guide wires

Question 80

solid

Answer 80

fully solid throughout

Question 81

self drill

Answer 81

creat own hole in bone

Question 82

self tap

Answer 82

cut threat when inserted

Question 83

Surgical nails

Answer 83

Developed in 1939 - used in long bones - hip fractures are most common

Question 84

Gerhard Kuntscher

Answer 84

Innovator of K wire and the nail. - treated POWs - initial use for tibia shafts