Test 1 Flashcards
(144 cards)
1
Q
The overall condition of body or mind and the presence of absence of illness or injury
A
Health
2
Q
Optimal health and vitality, encompassing all the dimensions of well-being
A
Wellness
3
Q
What are the dimensions of wellness?
A
Physical Intellectual Emotional Spiritual Social/Interpersonal Environmental Financial Occupational (PIESSEFO)
4
Q
The dimensions of wellness are interrelated. T or F?
A
True
5
Q
- eating healthy
- exercising
- getting regular checkups
- practicing safe sex
What dimension is this?
A
physical dimension
6
Q
-open to new ideas
-thinking critically
-creativity
-curiosity
What dimension is this?
A
intellectual dimension
7
Q
- optimism
- trust
- self-esteem
- self-confidence
What dimension is this?
A
emotional dimension
8
Q
- communication skills
- intimacy
- maintain satisfying relationships
- cultivate a support system
What dimension is this?
A
interpersonal dimension
9
Q
- capacity to love
- forgiveness
- joy
- caring for others
What dimension is this?
A
spiritual dimension
10
Q
-abundant clean, natural resources
-recycling
-reducing pollution & waste
What dimension is this?
A
environmental dimension
11
Q
-basic understanding of money
-avoiding debt
-save for the future
What dimension is this?
A
financial dimension
12
Q
The relative incidence of disease among a population
A
Morbidity rate
13
Q
The number of deaths in population in a given period of time
A
Mortality rate
14
Q
Conditions caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi; the diseases can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another
A
infectious disease
15
Q
A disease that develops and continues over a long time
A
Chronic disease
16
Q
Top 3 key contributors to death
among Americans:
A
Tobacco
Obesity
Alcohol
(TOA)
17
Q
Leading causes of death (disease):
A
Heart disease
Cancer
Stroke
18
Q
Factors That Influence Wellness:
A
- Heredity/family history
- Age, sex, gender, education
- Environment (physical environment, interpersonal, work conditions, transportation)
- Access to health care
- Public policy
- health habits
19
Q
Focuses on the health of populations of people, rather than individuals
A
Public health
20
Q
Aims to improve the health of those people within a defined community (government or private)
A
Community health
21
Q
The process of providing tools that people and communities need to protect their health by reducing risks; promoting health; preventing disease, injury, and disability; and preparing for new health threats.
A
Disease prevention
22
Q
The process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health.
A
Health promotion
23
Q
10 Great Public Health Achievements of the Past Century
A
• Vaccination • Motor vehicle safety • Safer workplaces • Control of infectious diseases • Safer and healthier foods • Healthier mothers and babies • Family planning • Fluoridation of drinking water • Recognition of tobacco as a health hazard • Reduced deaths from heart attack & stroke
24
Q
Health Issues for Diverse Populations:
A
- Gender
- Ethnicity
- Income & education
- Disability
- Geo location
- Sexual orientation
25
Another word for the Healthy People Initiative:
Healthy People 2020
26
Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and
premature death
Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups
Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
Promote healthy development and healthy behaviors across every stage of life
all these are the:
Main goals of Healthy People 2020
27
Healthy People 2020 Leading Health Indicators & Priority Issues :
Physical activity • Overweight and obesity • Tobacco use • Substance abuse • Responsible sexual behavior • Mental health • Injury and violence • Environmental quality • Immunization • Access to health care
28
How to Reach Wellness through
| Lifestyle Management:
By getting serious about health
29
The process of getting serious about one's health:
Examine/assess health habits
Choose target behavior
Learn about target behavior
Find help
30
Self-efficacy
Believing in one's ability to succeed
31
How to boost ones efficacy:
Positive self talk
Role models & supportive people
Identify & overcome barriers
32
The Transtheoretical / Stages of Change Model:
```
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Termination
```
33
Maintaining good health is not an ongoing process. T or F?
False; Maintaining good health IS an ongoing process
34
What are some things you can't change?
Heredity
Health care
Environment
35
the ability to read/understand and act on medical info; learn to
navigate the health care system
Health Literacy
36
* Situations that trigger physical and emotional reactions
| * The reactions themselves
Stress
37
Stressor:
the situation that causes stress
38
Stress response:
the reactions to the stressors
39
What are the 2 systems in our body to react to stress? (physical)
Endocrine system
| Nervous system
40
Autonomic nervous system:
Parasympathetic
| relaxation, homeostasis
41
Sympathetic:
arousal (exercise, emergency, severe pain, anger, fear)
| neurotransmitter (nonepinephrine)
42
BIG FOUR:
(neurotransmitters)
1. Norepinephrine
2. Serotonin
3. Dopamine
4. GABA
43
Involved in stress response; high levels of anxiety
Norepinephrine
44
mood disorders, anger mgt, concentration, sleep
Serotonin
45
addiction, control of movement, scizo, ADHD
Dopamine
46
Mood modulation; anxiety
GABA
47
Actions of the Endocrine System :
glands, tissues, & cells that help control bodily functions
hormones
helps prepare body for stress
48
Chemical messages and actions of sympathetic nerves cause the release of _______.
key hormones
49
Hormones trigger physiological changes, including:
increased heart rate
perspiration
endorphins released
50
Effective responses to stress:
Laughing/Humor
Talking
Exercising
Improved time mgt
51
Ineffective responses to stress:
Overeating
Hostility
Procrastination
Substance abuse
52
Not all stress is negative. T or F?
True
53
Types of personalities:
A, B, C
54
Type A Personality:
```
Controlling
Hostile
Competitive
Business
Sales/Marketq
```
55
Type B Personality:
Easy-going
Mellow
Tolerant
Moderate
56
Type C Personality:
Withdrawn
Doesn't express emotion
External locus of control
"Victim"
57
Resilience:
able to bounce back from periods of stress
58
Hardiness:
optimistic about dealing with stress
59
Allostatic load:
Long term negative impact of stress response on body resulting from overexposure of stress hormones
60
Study of complex network of nerve chemical connections b/c nervous, endocrine, immune system NEUROPEPTIDES appear to translate stressful emotions into biochemical events
Psychoneuroimmunology (PSI)
61
How does sleep affect health:
Restoration & growth take place during deepest stages of sleep
62
Lack of sufficient sleep; impairs physical, emotional, and cognitive functioning
Sleep deprivation
63
Biological clock
Circadian rhythm
64
Internal biological clock that controls the body temp levels of alertness amd activity
Circadian rhythm
65
What hormone increases relaxations and sleepiness?
Melatonin
66
Acute stress disorder:
Symptoms develop following severe trauma such as rape, physocal, sexual abuse
67
Post traumatic stress disorder:
Appear 6 months or more following a traumatic event
68
Eustress & example:
brought by a PLEASANT stressor
| example: basketball game, new date
69
Distress:
brought by an UNPLEASANT stressor
70
Cardiovascular disease:
Chronic high blood pressure
Heart attacks
Strokes
71
Psychological problems:
Depression
Panic attacks
PTSD
72
Symptoms in Acute stress disorder & PTSD:
```
numbness
confusion
flashbacks
amnesia
anxiety
```
73
Common sources of stress:
```
major life changes
daily hassles
college stressors
job stressors
social stressors
```
74
Managing stress:
Social support, communication, exercise, nutrition, sleep, practices related to spirituality
75
Lack of sleep can lead to a breakdown in the body’s health-promoting processes. T or F?
Trueq
76
19-24 hrs) worse than .10% BAC for alertness and performance
Severe sleep deprivation
77
the difference between the amount of sleep attained & the amount of sleep needed to maintain alert wakefulness during the daytime
sleep debt
78
Two main stages of sleep:
REM & NREM
79
REM stands for:
Rapid Eye Movement
80
4 stages of NREM:
1. Relaxed/Half asleep
2. Brain activity slows
3/4. Deep sleep, blood pressure drops, heart rate slows
81
REM sleep:
Dream stage, high heart rate, filing of short term & long term memory, sleep paralysis
82
Sleep stages goes from NREM to REM __ to __ times per night. Every ___- ____ minutes.
4; 5
| 90-100 minutes
83
Who advocated random mental activity? (dreams)
Sigmund Freud
84
Parasomnias:
Sleepwalking
Nocturnal eating
Sexsomnia
85
Insomnia
takes longer than 30+ minutes to fall asleep; wake 5+ times per night
86
Narcolepsy
frequent day time sleep attacks
87
stress, anxiety, poor sleep environment
| Causes of ______.
insomnia
88
Good sleep habits:
same time each night
utilize "white noise"
don't eat/exercise less than 3 hours before
avoid caffeine
89
Sleep apnea:
periods of non-breathing 60-90 seconds
90
Drowsy driving is higher than BAC level. The level is:
.10 %
91
Maggie's Law (2003) Jersey
fatigue while driving is considered a factor of vehicle homicide
example: truck drivers
92
Time management:
```
set priorities
schedule tasks
budget time
keep track of tasks
give self a break
```
93
Who advocated human growth & development stages?
Maslow
94
Example of emotional intellegence:
- self awareness
- self-discipline
- persistence
- empathy
95
Emotional intelligence is more important than IQ. T or F?
True
96
EQ can be learned. T or F?
True
97
Recognize, name, understand their emotions
Manage their emotions and control their moods
Motivate themselves toward personal goals
Recognize and respond to emotions in others
Be socially competent
These are the qualities of a ________ person.
Emotionally intelligent
98
The study of happiness
Positive psychology
99
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:
```
Realism
Acceptance
Autonomy
Authenticity
Capacity for intimacy
Creativity
```
100
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:
| you are comfortable with yourself
Authenticity
101
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:
| independence, internal locus of control, rely on self to make decisions
Autonomy
102
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:
| accepting reality for what it is & knowing limitations
Realism
103
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:
| becoming involved with others, friendships, relationships, romance, taking risks for others
Capacity for intimacy
104
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:
| experience the world around you; problem solve; adapt; inventions; own production; giving back to society
Creativity
105
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:
| feeling good about ourselves, self confidence
Acceptance
106
The absence of disease
Psychological health
107
Example of rationalization:
I failed the test because my teacher hates me
108
Example of projection:
You are so bad to me, look what you did (when in fact it is that person who is bad to the other)
109
Example of repression:
subconsciously blocking out unacceptable thoughts/actions
| dating a drug dealer
110
Example of denial:
Thats not gonna affect me
| Not realizing u have a problem
111
Passive aggressive behavior:
giving cold shoulder, ignoring
112
Good psychological health:
High self-esteem
Creativity
Not overwhelmed by emotions
Altruism(concerned for others, selflessness)
113
Pattern of behavior associated w/ distress or disability or w. significant increased risk of suffering, death, pain, loss of freedom; interferes with daily function
Mental Disorder
114
What was society's view of mental illness in earlier years?
| Treatments?
they were possessed by demons, evil spirits,
they were chained, beatings, sterilization, lobotomy, electroconvulsive shock
115
What does NIMH stand for and what is the purpose?
National Institute of Mental Health
| formed to conduct research on mind, brain, behavior
116
DSM stand for and what is the purpose?
Diagnostic & Statistical Manual
| used to diagnose mental disorders
117
What percentage of Americans experience clinical depression at some point in their lives?
50%
118
intense fear of an object, situation
Specific phobias
119
Fear of a certain kind of social or performance situations, fear of humiliation, embarrassment
Social phobia
120
unexpected surges in anxiety, rapid heart beat, shortness of breath, loss of physical equilibrium, feeling of losing mental control
Panic Disorder
121
Overwhelmed by worry about routine matters
| reaction to future
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
122
persistent, intrusive thought or images that cause intense anxiety/distress
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
123
Reaction to severe traumatic event
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
124
Recurring unwanted thoughts
Obsession
125
Repetitive difficult to resist actions
Compulsion
126
What type of treatment is used for mental disorders>
Meds
Psychological interventions
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
127
Where does suicide rank in leading causes of death for 15-24 y old?
3rd
128
Who is the most recent at risk population for suicide in this country?
Returning vets
129
3 types of treatment for mental disorders:
Psychotherapy
Medications
Electroconvulsive Therapy
130
What disorder is formerly known as manic depression?
Bipolar disorder
131
episodes of mania followed by depression
Bipolar disorder
132
What is a strong factor in bipolar disorder?
Genetics
133
Symptoms of scizophrenia:
disorganized thoughts
hallucinations
inappropriate emotions
directed by thought
134
M.D. plus residency, can prescribe meds, LESS training that psychotherapy
Psychiatrist
135
Focus on diagnosis and can prescribe under psychiatrist
Psychiatric nurse practitioner (PNP)
136
Trained in psychotherapy; can NOT prescribe meds:
Licensed psychologist (PhD) (PsyD)
137
counselor, marriage, family therapists, CANNOT prescribe meds
Licensed clinical social worker (LCSW)
138
By the age of 6, ____% of the brain is formed.
95
139
Depressed mood or a loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities for more than two weeks.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
140
___________ is a common factor for both mental and physical illness
Stress
141
among most common mental disorders
Mood disorders
142
Intentional injury to own body, AKA self-harm, self-mutilation, or self-injurious behavior
Self-inflicted injury
143
Self-inflicted injury behaviors:
```
cutting
burning
scratching
picking
head banging
hair pulling
```
144
Up to 90% of those who commit suicide suffer from a mental disorder. T or F?
True
