Test 2 Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
Arteries moves blood _____ the heart.
A
Away from
2
Q
Veins moves blood ______ the heart.
A
towards
3
Q
Aorta:
A
the largest artery in the body
4
Q
________ are one cell thick.
A
capillaries
5
Q
What do capillaries do?
A
the smallest of a body’s blood vessels
distributes oxygenated blood from the arteries to the tissues and to feed deoxygenated blood from the tissues back into the veins
6
Q
What are the biggest veins in the body?
A
Vena cava
7
Q
What are coronary arteries?
A
Arteries that leaves away from the heart
8
Q
Another word for sinus node:
A
Sino-Atrial node//SA node
9
Q
What is Sinus node?
A
the heart’s natural pacemaker located in the RIGHT atrium
10
Q
What is atherosclerosis?
A
The thickening or hardening of arteries due to the buildup of cholesterol, lipids, and other substances
11
Q
What is ischemia?
A
insufficient oxygen and nutrients to tissues
12
Q
Pains in the chest, pressure, heaviness, tightness:
A
Angina
13
Q
Systole:
A
contraction of ventricle (upper #)
14
Q
Diastole:
A
relaxation of ventricle (lower #)
15
Q
any disease involving heart and or blood vessels:
A
Cardiovascular disease
16
Q
Scientific word for stroke:
A
Cerebral vascular accident (CVA)
17
Q
What does EKG stand for?
A
Electrocardiogram
18
Q
What is the most common cause of sudden death among athletes?
A
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
19
Q
CVD:
A
Cardiovascular disease
20
Q
Aneurysm:
A
the bulging of weak vessel walls
21
Q
CHF stand for:
A
Congestive heart failure
22
Q
Testing for heart disease:
A
exercise stress test electrocardiogram MRI/PET Diagnostic blood work Coronary angiogram surgery lifestyle mods meds "baby" aspirin
23
Q
After what events can CHF occur:
A
after–
heart attack
hypertension
heart valve abnormality
24
Q
Blockage of coronary artery can lead to:
A
Heart Attack
25
Blockage of cerebral artery can lead to:
Stroke
26
What does F.A.S.T. stand for in stroke detection?
Face--droopy
Arms--are you able to lift both arms
Speech--slurred
Time--of the essence; immediate help
27
Quick treatment for stroke victim:
diagnostic
28
Causes of cancer:
```
Carcinogens
Radiations
Microbes
Ingested chemicals
Environmental & Industrial Pollution
Inactivity/obesity
```
29
Two ways to detect cancer:
Self monitoring
| routine checkups/screenings
30
Diagnosing & Treating cancer:
```
Alternative medicine
Biopsy
Biological Therapies
Bone Marrow Transplant
Chemotherapy
CT Scan
Gene Therapy
MRI
Radiation
Ultrasound
```
31
Types of Cancer:
Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Leukemia
Lymphoma
32
Carcinoma:
originates in epithelial tissue
33
Sarcoma:
arises from connective tissue
34
Leukemia:
cancer of the blood or blood forming cells
35
Lymphoma:
originates from lymph nodes & glands
36
4 Most Common Cancers:
Lung
Colon & Rectal
Breast
Prostate
37
Lung Cancer:
leading cause of CANCER DEATH
| second most commonly diagnosed
38
Colon & Rectal Cancer:
3rd leading cause of CANCER DEATH
| 3rd most commonly diagnosed
39
Breast Cancer:
most common cancer in women
| 2nd leading cause of cancer death in women
40
Prostate Cancer:
most commonly diagnosed cancer for men
41
Detection for breast cancer:
Mammogram for women after age 40
clinical breast exam
self-breast exam
42
Women with no children & women who's had children over 30 are risk factors for breast cancer. T or F?
True
43
Early detection for prostate cancer:
digital rectal exam
| PSA blood test
44
What is the leading cause of death in the U.S. across all age groups?
Heart Disease
45
Early detection for heart disease:
stress test
cholesterol level
blood pressure/sugar
insulin levels
46
Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right?
it has to pump blood from rest of body
47
Arrhythmia:
irregular or disorganized heartbeat
48
Atrial fibrillation:
the atria upper chambers aren't in sync
| they are not filling correctly therefore the amounts of blood is not optimal
49
ventricular fibrillation:
fatal (ventrical = big blood push to rest of the body)
| abrupt loss heart function caused by irregular heartbeat
50
What is the most serious type of skin cancer?
Melanoma
51
What are the two different types of cancer conditions?
Benign & Malignant
52
Certain genes may be predisposed to cancer. T or F?
True
53
Heart Attack Symptoms:
```
Shortness of breath
Pain in arms, back, neck
Weakness/faintness
Indigestion
Nausea/Vomiting
```
54
Third leading cause of death in the U.S.
Stroke
55
Symptoms of stroke:
```
Headache
Numbness
Weakness
Confusion
Slurred speech
Vision Problems
```
56
force exerted by blood against artery walls
Blood pressure
57
Another name for high blood pressure:
Hypertension
58
What is an example of a structural birth defect?
Congenital Heart Disease
59
The higher the income the lower the inactivity of people. T or F?
False; the Higher the Income , the lazier the people, therefore the Higher in Inactivity
60
Excuses for people to not exercise:
Bad weather
Lack of $$
Lack of Social Support & role models
Too lazy
61
Physical fitness:
The body’s ability to respond or adapt to the demands and stress of physical effort
62
5 components of health related fitness:
CMMFB
```
Cardiorespiratory endurance
Muscular Strength
Muscular Endurance
Flexibility
Body Composition
```
63
ability to perform prolonged, large-muscle, dynamic exercise at moderate to high intensity
Muscular Endurance
64
amount of force a muscle can produce with a single maximum effort
Muscular Strength
65
ability of joints to move through their full range of motion
Flexibility
66
proportion of fat and fat-free mass (muscle, bone, and water) in the body
Body composition
67
any body movement carried out by the skeletal muscles that requires energy
Physical activity
68
planned, structured, repetitive movement of the body intended to improve or maintain physical fitness
Exercise
69
Ability to perform specific leisure or sport skills
Skill-related Fitness
70
Physical benefits to exercise:
```
Higher oxygen in body
Improved body composition
Protect cells from chromosome deterioration
Higher immune system function
Improved body function
Prevention of injuries & lower back pain
```
71
Physical inactivity raises risk of CVD by ____%.
240
72
What does exercise lower?
blood pressure
cholesterol level
risk of heart disease/stroke
insulin sensitivity
73
What type of diabetes can exercise decrease the risk of?
Type II
74
Psychological/Emotional benefits to exercise:
Increased mood
Lower stress
Improved sleep
Enhanced creativity
75
Cognitive benefits to exercise:
Increased cell growth, connectivity
| Improved memory alertness
76
ACSM stand for:
American College of Sports Medicine
77
Recommendation of ACSM of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise:
30 minutes minimum
| 150 min a week
78
Recommendation of ACSM of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise:
20-25 minutes
| 75 min per week (3days a week)
79
Examples of light activity:
Slow walking
Playing cards
Grocery shopping
Laundary
80
Examples of moderate activity:
Walking 3.0 mph
Table tennis
Lawnwork
Yoga
81
Example of vigorous activity:
```
Walking 4.5 mph
cycling moderately
Jogging 7mph
Basketball/Volleyball
Martial Arts
```
82
fitness improvements are lost when demands on the body are lowered
Reversibility
83
placing increasing amounts of stress on the body to cause adaptations that improve fitness
Progressive overload
84
the body adapts to the particular type and amount of stress placed on it.
Specificity
85
Ability of the heart and lungs to efficiently deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body’s muscles and cells via the bloodstream
Cardiorespiratory Fitness:
86
The FITT acronym provides a basis for a fitness workout plan. What does it stand for?
```
F requency (3-5 days per week)
I ntensity (Reach target heart rate THR)
T ime (20-60 min)
T ype of activity (stop and go & sustained)
```
87
Target heart rate needs to be ___ to ___% of MHR.
60-80%
88
What type of component of exercise yields these results:
```
↑ lean body mass
↑ bone density (osteoporosis)
↑ glucose metabolism
↓obesity, diabetes, CVD
↓ anxiety & depression
Provides support for good posture, balance, proper skeletal alignment
```
Muscular Strength
89
Resistance exercise types:
Isometric(static) & Isotonic(dynamic)
90
What type of training stabilizes the spine & midsection?
Core training
91
Isometric resistance exercise:
apply force without movement (Static)
92
Isotonic resistance exercise:
apply force with movement (Dynamic)
93
What type of component of exercise yield these results:
```
↑ posture
Injury prevention
↓ low back pain
Perform daily routines more easily
Look and feel better
```
Muscular Endurance
94
More weight/fewer reps = what type of muscular exercise?
Muscular Strength
95
Less weight/more reps = what type of muscular exercise?
Muscular endurance
96
participation in 1 sport to improve performance in another; use of several types of training to achieve fitness goal
Cross-training
97
strength training that conditions the body torso from neck to lower back (Pilates)
Core-strength training
98
program that trains muscles to reach maximum force in shortest time
Plyometrics
99
produces co-contraction of muscles on opposite side of joint to build strength more efficiently
Unstable surface training
100
Performance enhancing drugs/supplements:
Steroids
Muscle milk (Protein supplements)
Human growth hormone
101
Stretching until you feel tightness and holding stretch for 30-60 seconds
Static stretching
102
Actively moving through the joint’s range of motion
| type of stretching
Dynamic stretching
103
Partner applies pressure, producing a stretch beyond what you could do on your own OR you “assist” a static stretch
Static Stretch with Passive Assist
104
What type of stretching is not recommended?
Ballistic
105
Too much body fat could have the following effects:
Obesity
Heart Disease
Diabetes
Diff forms of cancer
106
To prevent weight gain:
150-300 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous exercise per week
107
For weight loss or to sustain weight loss:
300 or more minutes of moderate-to-vigorous exercise per week
108
Adding More Physical Activity to Your Day:
Take stairs
| Ride bike
109
NEAT:
non-exercise activity thermogenesis :
- Balance ball chairs
- Treadmill Desk
- Bike desk
110
What does RICE stand for:
Rest, Ice, Composition, Elevation
111
Immobility or inactivity may aggravate the original disability and increase secondary health problems
T or F?
True
