Test 1

Question 1

With his new device, the gramophone Emile Berliner improved Edison’s original phonograph both technologically and from a business standpoint, how?

Answer 1

Lateral cut making it clearer, easier for replication, cheaper so more sales

Question 2

A soundwave is made up of a series of c_______ and r__________

Answer 2

compression and rare fractions

Question 3

How do we measure amplitude of a sound wave? Frequency?

Answer 3

dB & Hz

Question 4

How do we perceive amplitude and frequency?

Answer 4

Equal loudness curve

Question 5

How long are particular frequencies in feet, meters?

Answer 5

1000Hz=1ft

Question 6

5 things invented in recording history

Answer 6

Phonoautograph-1857-Edouard Leon Scott
Telephone-1876-Alexander Bell
Phonograph-1877-Thomas edison
Recording Horn-1890-1st commercial sound recorded
Microphone-1925-Emile Berliner

Question 7

The threshold of human hearing (in dB SPL) is defined as?

Answer 7

0 dB SPL

Question 8

The dynamic range of human hearing is?

Answer 8

20-20k Hz and 130dB

Question 9

Using technical language, how would you describe the “sound” of recordings made in the acoustic period?

Answer 9

Minimal bandwidth, poor signal to noise ratio

Question 10

What is TTS? What is PTS? What are they caused by? Are there warning signs?

Answer 10

TTS- temporary of threshold shift

PTS-Permaneny threshold shift

Question 11

Describe the difference between a large and small signal to noise ratio

Answer 11

Small- 40% noise and 60% desired sound

Large- 1% noise and 99% desired sound

Question 12

Describe the difference between a narrow and wide bandwidth.

Answer 12

Narrow- small range of frequencies-little changes in amplitude
Wide- large range of frequencies-large changes in amplitude

Question 13

How much louder is 70dB than 50dB? 30dB than 0dB?

Answer 13

100x and 1000x

Question 14

Using the equal loudness chart/graph found in the text, a 1 kHz tone played at 40 dB SPL compared to a 50 Hz tone will require how much dB SPL in order to
sound equally as loud?

Answer 14

?

Question 15

Why was the stroh violin used in the acoustic era?

Answer 15

Made sound directional and amplified it

Question 16

What is the threshold of pain in dB? Average conversation? A rock band in concert?

Answer 16

140 dB
60dB
130dB

Question 17

Name the three sections of the ear and each of their basic functions

Answer 17

Outer-transducer helps localize the sound
Middle-amplifies and limits sound
Inner-converts mechanical energy into neural energy

Question 18

What is the name for the “texture” or “color” or “quality” of a sound?

Answer 18

Timbre

Question 19

The lowest frequency found in a complex tone is called …

Answer 19

a fundamental

Question 20

The fifth harmonic of a note played at “x” Hz will be approximately…

Answer 20

5x

Question 21

When sound waves collide, what happens? How do sound waves react when they are out of phase?

Answer 21

Constructive/destructive interference

Question 22

Two identical sound waves that are 180 degrees out of phase will…

Answer 22

Cancel

Question 23

What is the “decibel?” What is the formula?

Answer 23

The acoustic pressure within a defined area

Velocity/Frequency

Question 24

What is the waveform envelope

Answer 24

Changes in level

Question 25

What are “overtones” and “harmonics”? Why are they important?

Answer 25

All frequencies present other than the fundamental. Harmonics are overtones that are whole number multiples

Question 26

"A" above Middle “C” on piano is what frequency?

Answer 26

440 Hz

Question 27

What is an “octave?”

Answer 27

Doubling of frequency

Question 28

The first device to successfully record a soundwave was …

Answer 28

Phonoautograph

Question 29

How is the art of early acoustic recording similar to the art of recording today?

Answer 29

Used placement of distance

Question 30

What does “linear” mean?

Answer 30

Having an output that varies in direct portion to the input

Question 31

What are some of the ways the brain localizes sound?

Answer 31

The auditory center to the brain center

Question 32

What issues determine the degree of masking between two sounds? Give some examples

Answer 32

Frequency, amplitude, duration

Question 33

What frequencies can we hear the best?

Answer 33

Mid and high frequencies

Question 34

How are bandwidth, frequency, dynamic range, signal to noise, linearity, amplitude related to each other?

Answer 34

All related to sound

Question 35

What is the significance of the phonautograph? Who invented it and in what year?

Answer 35

The first sound recorder-1857- Edouard Leon Scott

Question 36

The correct chronological order of the telephone, phonautograph, telegraph, gramophone, and phonograph is….

Answer 36

the telegraph, phonautograph, telephone, phonograph, and gramophone

Question 37

Berliner increased the dynamic range of early disc recording by__________

Answer 37

lateral movements (left to right)

Question 38

What does dB level(s) does OSHA recommend for daily listening exposure? How many hours should I listen to music at 103 dB SPL?

Answer 38

90dB, 1 hour

Question 39

Approximately how long is a 50 Hz sound wave? 1 kHz? 10 kHz?

Answer 39

50Hz=1kHz 1kHz=1ft 10kHz=10Hz

Question 40

What devices came together to make the electrical recording system of 1925?

Answer 40

audion vacuum tube amplifier, electric stylus, loudspeakers

Question 41

Who invented the disc? When? What was the device called?

Answer 41

Emilie Berliner- gramophone

Question 42

What was considered the first recording studio? Where was it?

Answer 42

Abbey Road Studios in London, England

Question 43

During the acoustic period, how were various instruments and/or voices were recorded and mixed?

Answer 43

Placement in the room

Question 44

What device spurred the audio industry from acoustic recording into electrical recording?

Answer 44

Vacuum tube, The microphone, disc cutter

Question 45

ADSR Curve

Answer 45

Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release

Question 46

Amplitude

Answer 46

Volume

Question 47

Binaural localization Complex waveform

Answer 47

Where sound comes from- above, below, behind, to the side

Question 48

Cycles per second

Answer 48

the frequency

Question 49

Decibel

Answer 49

A dimensionless unit to measure the ratio of two quantities

Question 50

Dynamic Range

Answer 50

The difference between the softest and loudest sound a device will process without distortion

Question 51

Equal loudness curve

Answer 51

Shows sensitivity of the ear to different frequencies at various levels

Question 52

Frequency

Answer 52

Relative tone of the sound

Question 53

Masking

Answer 53

When loud sound signals prevent ear from hearing softer sounds

Question 54

Octave

Answer 54

Doubling the frequency

Question 55

Phase

Answer 55

The time relationship between two or more sounds reaching a microphone

Question 56

Pitch

Answer 56

The frequency of a sound

Question 57

Precedence effect

Answer 57

When a sound comes from somewhere and on ear hits louder than the other

Question 58

Psychoacoustics

Answer 58

Human perceptions of acoustics

Question 59

Sine wave

Answer 59

A fundamental frequency with no harmonics or overtones

Question 60

Telegraphone

Answer 60

A magnetic wire recorder

Question 61

Threshold of Pain

Answer 61

140 dB

Question 62

Valdemar Poulsen

Answer 62

Created a wire microphone

Question 63

Waveform

Answer 63

A graphic representation of a sounds characteristic shape displayed

Question 64

Cilia

Answer 64

Hairs in the ear, where it converts to electric