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Behavioral Neuroscience > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Gaseous Neurotransmitters

A

gasses produced in the neural cytoplasm that diffuse immediately though cell membrane into the extracellular fluid and into nearby cells (eg nitric oxide) long term potentiation

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2
Q

Neuropeptide Y

A

peptide found in the brain, especially hypothalamus, that stimulates carbohydrate intake (via large meal size)

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3
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Movement, learning, memory

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4
Q

Dopamine

A

Movement, learning, attention, addictions

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5
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Memory, attention, arousal

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6
Q

Serotonin

A

mood, pain, sleep, eating

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7
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory, can cause exciotoxicity

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8
Q

Exciotoxicity

A

Neurons are damaged or killed via overactivity

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9
Q

Ischemia

A

Restricted blood supply, no O2

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10
Q

GABA

A

Main inhibitory neuron

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11
Q

Glycine

A

Inhibitory NT in spinal cord and hindbrain

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12
Q

Clostridium Tetani

A

Bacteria that causes tetanusm - deadly muscle regidity and spasms

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13
Q

Coup injury

A

damage to brain at point of initial impact

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14
Q

Hematoma

A

Swelling or mass of blood between skull and brain (epidural) or inside brain itself (subdural)

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15
Q

Second Impact Syndrome

A

Catastrophic condition when a second concussion occurs before first heals

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16
Q

Chronic Traumatic Endephalopathy

A

Degenerative disease of the brain found in athletes with history of repetitive brain trauma

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17
Q

Neurofibrillary tangles

A

Twisted Tau protein fibers (from collapse of mictrotubules) that build up inside nerve cells and impaire function

18
Q

Cholinergic

A

release acetylcholine (all motor neurons)

19
Q

Neuroglia

A

nerve glue

20
Q

Astrocyte

A

glial cell that provides physical support and nutrient store for neurons and removes waste

21
Q

Microglia

A

Small glial cells that remove waste and pathogens via phagocytosis

22
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

Glial cell in CNS that forms myelin sheath, insulates axon

23
Q

Schwann cells

A

Glial cells in PNS that is wrapped around axon, providing one segment of its myelinated sheath - assist regrowth

24
Q

Glioblastoma multiforme

A

Lethal malignant brain tumor that develops from astrocytes

25
Q

Goldman equation

A

Compute potential of electrochemical equilibrium

26
Q

Tetrodotoxin

A

Neurotoxin that inhibits action potential via blocking voltage gated Na channel (cannot cross BBB paralyzes muscles)

27
Q

Ionotropic receptor

A

NT binds, ion channel opens

28
Q

Metabotropic receptor

A

NT binds, G protein, second messenger, ion channel opens

29
Q

Autoreceptor

A

Binding site on a neuron that responds to the NT neuron releases (feedback loop) regulates NT synthesis release q

30
Q

MAO

A

Monoamine oxidase - destroys excess NT within cell

31
Q

Efficacy

A

max effect obtained from drug

32
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Study of biological tissue absorption, metabolism, and excretion of drugs

33
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Study of drug mechanisms of action and drug effects per concentration

34
Q

Direct agonist

A

drug binds with and activates NT receptor

35
Q

Direct antagonist

A

Drug bins to receptor, prevents NT from binding

36
Q

indirect agonist

A

drug facilitates receptor action or NT synthesis

37
Q

Indirect antagonist

A

drug interferes with receptor action or inhibits NT release

38
Q

Nerve agents

A

Chemicals that inactivate acetylcholinesterase

39
Q

VX

A

Deadliest nerve agent, sustained diaphragm contraction

40
Q

Mark 1

A

Autoinjectors for VX exposure

41
Q

Atropine (Step 1)

A

Blocks muscarinic (M2) receptor

42
Q

Pralidexime chloride (Step 2)

A

Reactivates AchE. displaces nerve agent

Behavioral Neuroscience (3 decks)

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