Test 1

Question 1

What is a cardiovascular risk factor?

Answer 1

Association between factor and disease, consistent risk across ages/genders/races, makes biological sense, treatment favorably changes risk, makes an independent contribution

Question 2

what are some modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

Answer 2

blood pressure, obesity, smoking, drug use, lack of physical activity

Question 3

what are some unmodifiable risk factors?

Answer 3

age, gender, family history, ethnic origin

Question 4

what type of food has been increasingly consumed leading to increases in a variety of diseases

Answer 4

saturated fat and processed carbs

Question 5

how many kCal does a pound equal

Answer 5

3500kcal

Question 6

when BMI is overweight waist circumference can be used to determine:

Answer 6

if extra weight is from muscle or fat

Question 7

pre-hypertensive

Answer 7

120-139/80-89

Question 8

hypertensive stage 1

Answer 8

140-159/90-99

Question 9

hypertensive stage 2

Answer 9

> 160/>100

Question 10

lipid molecules are _______ in water, must be packaged in lipoproteins for transport in blood

Answer 10

insoluble

Question 11

total cholesterol over _____ increases risk of _______

Answer 11

200, myocardial infarction

Question 12

the leading cause of death in the US is:

Answer 12

heart disease

Question 13

T/F: physical activity can decrease the risk of stroke

Answer 13

false

Question 14

How many minutes a day of PA is needed to prevent weight regain?

Answer 14

60-90

Question 15

How many minutes a day of PA is needed to prevent overweight to obese?

Answer 15

45-60

Question 16

how much PA doe healthy adults need?

Answer 16

moderate intensity 30 minutes a day for 5 days a week

Question 17

physical activity

Answer 17

any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure

Question 18

physical fitness

Answer 18

physical activity required to improve physical fitness, structured exercise

Question 19

what is the equation for calculation max heart rate?

Answer 19

208-(.7*age)

Question 20

what is pulse pressure?

Answer 20

systolic minus diastolic, the difference between systolic and diastolic

Question 21

what is map and how is it calculated

Answer 21

mean arterial pressure is the average pressure in the arteries. =diastolic +.33*pulse pressure

Question 22

what is the average amount of breaths taken per minute for an adult?

Answer 22

12-20

Question 23

What vitals are unacceptable for starting exercise?

Answer 23

HR >120,200,110

O2 Sat

Question 24

what causes greater off loading of oxygen from hemoglobin?

Answer 24

increased CO2, increased temp, decreased pH

Question 25

What causes the lactate threshold

Answer 25

low blood O2 content, low blood flow to skeletal muscle, changes in pH, imbalance rate of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration

Question 26

what biochemical changes occur with an increase in V02 max?

Answer 26

increases in mitochondria, capacity to oxidize pyruvate, enzymes of the ETC

Question 27

training _______ cortisol levels

Answer 27

reduces

Question 28

epinephrine and norepinephrine effects on FFA levels

Answer 28

increase utilization of FFA and block entry of glucose into cells to increase

Question 29

cortisol levels promote the use of ______ for fuel

Answer 29

fat, cortisol inhibits the uptake of glucose by the cells by blocking the GLUT4 receptors.