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Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Horticulture -

A

The study of crops that require intense and constant care, from planting through delivery to the consumer

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2
Q

Botany-
Physiology-
Taxonomy-

A

Study of plants

study of plant growth and function

classification of plants

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3
Q

Pathology-
Morphology-
Anatomy -

A

Study of plant diseases

study of plant form and structure

study of cellular structure of plants

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4
Q

Who is the father of modern day horticulture?

What society did he found?

A

Liberty Hyde Bailey

Founded ASHS- American society for Horticulture Science

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5
Q

What types of crops are horticultural crops?

A

pretty much all plants, trees, bushes, fruits, grasses, turf

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6
Q

Pomology-

A

Growing/Processing Fruits and Nuts

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7
Q

Olericulture-

A

Growing/processing Vegetables

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8
Q

Ornamental Horticulture -

A

cultivation of plants for their aesthetic value

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9
Q

Landscape Horticulture-

A

the planning and installation of plants in an outdoor space to secure the most desirable relationships between land forms, structures, and plants to best meet our needs for function and beauty.

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10
Q

Arboriculture-

A

cultivation of woody plants;

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11
Q

Urban Forestry-

A

Management of planted and naturally occurring trees in urban and urban interface areas.

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12
Q

Floriculture-

A

growing and production of flowers and foliage plants.

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13
Q

Post-harvest Horticulture

A

Processing, preservation, storage, and shipping of horticulture crops and products.

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14
Q

Recreational Horticulture -

Hort. Therapy-

Home Hort.-

A

horticulture that emphasizes the emotional and recreational value of working with plants

form of therapy that uses horticulture plants

growing ornamental/edible plants around the home.

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15
Q

What are the top 3 countries in fruit and veggie production-

A

China, India, Nigeria

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16
Q

Which country has the highest value of floriculture exports-

A

the netherlands

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17
Q

Name 5 careers in the Hort Industry-

A 
Golf Course superintendent,
Seed salesman
Landscape Designer
Orchard Supervisor
Berry Grower
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18
Q

Monocots-

A

One cotyledon
Parallel venation
Random vascular bundles(monkey face)
Flower Parts in 3s

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19
Q

Dicot-

A

Two cotyledon
New venation
Around edges
Flower parts in 4 or 5s

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20
Q

systematics-

A

study of diversity among organisms to establish evolutionary relationships.

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21
Q

Who is credited with developing the binomial system of nomenclature?

A

Carl Linnaeus

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22
Q

List the Taxonomic groups big to small-

A 
Kingdom 
Phylum
Class 
Order 
Family
Genus
Species
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23
Q

What is the difference between sp. and spp?

A

sp. is singular for species, spp. is plural for species

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24
Q

What is the difference between a variety and a cultivar?

A

Variety is a group of plants found in nature so different it warrents further classification

A cultivar is a single plant or group of genetically identical plants that have been cultivated or bred by humans to maintain specific characteristics

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25
What group of vascular plants reproduce by spores? What group of plants have naked seeds?
Ferns Gymnosperms
26
Name two monocots: Dicots: Gymnosperms: by common names
1. Bermuda, Lilly 2. Sunflower, Spurge 3. Conifers, Cycads
27
Life cycle of : Annual- Biennial- Perennial-
1. One growing season to complete 2. Two growing seasons to complete 3. Lives for more than two years.
28
Deciduous-
Plants that lose leaves a portion of the year
29
Evergreen-
Plants that retain leaves year round
30
Woody-
Plant with dense sturdy tissue
31
Herbaceous plants
non-woody or succulent plants.
32
Tropical-
plants whos origin is between the tropics of cancer and Capricorn.
33
Subtropical plants-
whos who usually do well in regions where night temps are usually above freezing.
34
Temperate plants-
plants who do well in regions where temps drop below freezing
35
WHat is the difference between warm season and cool season plants-
warm- grow best between 80-95 | Cool- grow best between 60-75 :ky blue, spinach
36
Is a tomato a fruit or a vegetable:
Botanically they are considered a fruit of the vine, but in common language they are referred to as a vegetable because they are enjoyed with dinner and not desert.
37
what are the botanical and horticultural definitions for fruit and vegetable?
botanical- fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing seed or seeds. Horticultural- plant or part that can be consumed with little or no preparation.
38
``` What are the main functions of these plant parts: Meristems- Leaves- Stems- Roots- ```
Meristems- cell division leaves- location of light interception and photosynthesis stems- support, storage, and transport. Roots- water,nutrient, and anchorage.
39
What are the three types of meristems? | where are they located
Apical- root/stem Intercalary- monocot stems latteral- vascular cambium.
40
What are the functions of the root cap and root hairs?
cap- layer of cells that protects the root as it grows through the soil hairs- absorb water and nutrients from soil
41
what are the parts of typical dicot and grass leaves?
blade, petiole, stipules
42
What are the 2 types of net venation in dicot leaves?
pinnate- feather like | palmate- one point
43
Name three types of modified leaves.
Tendrills Spines Plantlets insect traps
44
What are nodes- | Internodes-
enlarged region or joint where leaves are attached and buds are located. area between two nodes
45
What is rosette plant form? Give an example of a plant with a rosette form.
shortened stem, leaves appear to grow from one point | cabbage
46
Functions of Xylem: Phloem:
Xylem- water and nutrients from roots to shoots, non living Phloem-Transports sugars from shoots to roots, bigger, living
47
What are the 3 layers of bark?
Vascular Cambium, Living phloem, Periderm
48
Bud scales-
protective layer of small leathery modified leaves on buds of woody temperate zone shrubs.
49
Leaf Scares-
stem portion where the leaf once attached to the stem
50
Lenticels
small pores on the stem for gas exchange
51
Trunk- Shoot- twig- branch-
main axis of stem one-year old stem w/ leaves one-year old stem w/o leaves large portion of tree from trunk or another branch
52
Rhizome- | Stolons-
below ground stem | above ground stem
53
corms- | Bulbs-
think, compressed underground stem of monocots compressed underground stem with leaf scales
54
Tubers-
enlarged underground stems,terminal portion!
55
4 functions of roots-
anchorage water uptake/nutrient storage nitrogen fixation or assimilation
56
What are adventitious roots?
roots that from on plant tissue other than other roots.
57
What are the purpose of flowers-
reproduction
58
WHats the pistil composed of-
ovary, style, stigma
59
whats the stamen composed of-
anther ,fillament
60
Corolla-
all the petals
61
Calyx-
collective term for sepals
62
perianth-
term for both calyx and corolla
63
Peduncle-
Main flower stalk
64
Pedicel-
flower branch stalk
65
receptacle-
enlarged tip of peduncle or pedicel where flower is born.
66
inflorescence-
cluster of flowers, multiple units.
67
Complete flower- | incomplete-
has sepals, petals, stamens and pistil | missing one of above.
68
Perfect flower- | Imperfect-
has stamens and pistil | lacking one or both
69
monoecious - diecious-
male and female on same plant male and female different plants
70
simple fruits- | aggregate -
one ovary multiple ovaries
71
Pericarp-
Formed from ovary wall, 1. Exocarp-skin 2. Mesocarp- meat 3. endocarp- covering of seed.
72
Dehiscent- indehiscent-
fruits splits at maturity to expose seed fruit does not split
73
Photosynthesis-
6 co2 + 6 H20 +light = C6H1206 + O2
74
where do light dependent and dark reactions take place?
light dependent- thyalkoid membranes dark reactions - stroma, use stored energy calvin cycle
75
what is the difference between C3 and C4 plants
C3 undergo the normal calvin cycle, C4 have an extra step. C4 is more efficient warm season grasses. C3 is cool season.
76
Respiration -
``` C6H1206 +6 O2 = 6Co2 + 6 H2O + Energy Mitochondria 1. Glycolysis- 2. Krebs Cycle 3. Oxidative Phosphorylation- inner mitochondrial membrane ```
77
Translocation-
Movement of carbohydrates, minerals and water. roots are sinks.

Horticulture (3 decks)

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