Test 1 Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is ethics?
Figuring out what actions are right and which actions are wrong from a moral standpoint
Define a view that is morally right.
They are properly justified and should incorporate the available research and evidence, be based on arguments, and be consistent
Ethical views should not be…
be based on bias, be a knee-jerk reaction, emotions, hunches, or peer pressured
when our views on issues are based on gut/instinct reactions
moral dumbfounding
a fallacy in which someone justifies a moral belief based on majority opinion
majority belief
the reasoning that becasue most people do something that it is right/okay
common practice fallacy
believing something is indefinitely true because someone you respect believes /says something
appeal to false authority
creating an either this or that situation when there are obviously more possible outcomes
false dilemma
snowball effect, one action will lead to a chain of horrible events
slippery slope
ad hominem
changes the topic/shifts focus and attacks the person rather than their argument
believing that because something is legal it must be moral and because something is moral that it must be legal
conflation of legality with morality
mistaking correlation for causation; just because something happened around another event doesn’t mean that one caused the other
Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc
just because you observed something happen once doesn’t mean that it is true
hasty generalization fallacy
shooting down a solution to a problem because it isn’t perfect
perfectionist fallacy
ignore the real argument, make up a fake argument, defeat fake argument, claim victory over actual argument
straw man
a branch of ethics concerned with giving a general account of what is right/wrong; an action is right/wrong if and only if ________
normative ethics
using the consequences of an action for everyone involved to determine rightness of an action; nothing is always wrong
Act Consequentialism
uses the happiness and welfare of all involved to determine rightness of an action
Utilitarianism
the theory that one should not treat other as objects or nearly a means to an end
Kantian theory
an action is wrong if and only if it would not be performed by a virtuous agent
virtue theory
what is right/wrong can depend upon what culture you are in
normative relativism
What are the 7 principles of Ross’ Ethics of Prima Facie Duty?
fidelity, justice, reparation, gratitude, non-maleficence, beneficence, self-improvement
What are some of the issues that come with free speech?
the clash of differing individual rights, the relationship between individual and society, the role of government, the relationship between morality and legality
an action causes _____ if it directly undermines the rights of another person/ group of people
harm
