Test 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Considered the founder of organized, professional nursing.
A
Florence knightingale
2
Q
A specially trained individuals that addresses the humanistic and holistic needs of patients, families, and environments, and provides responses to patterns and/or needs of patients, families and communities to actual and potential health problems.
A
professional nurse
3
Q
Opposition to the conventional social, political, and economic principles of society.
A
antiestablishment
4
Q
any branch of creative work that displays form, beautify and any unusual perception.
A
art
5
Q
all writings in prose or verse
A
literature
6
Q
all the means of communication, such as newspapers, radio,l and tv.
A
media
7
Q
a fixed or conventional conception of a person or group held by a number of peole that allows for no individuality.
A
stereotype
8
Q
Artistic renderings of nurses that imaged them as untrained servants, soldiers,w omen of religious orders, or wealthy people performs acts of christian charity.
A
antiquity image of nursing
9
Q
Sairy’s literary arrival of nursing representing them of as those who profit from the sick and dying. Longfellow’s portrayal of florence Nightingale was a positive alternating approach.
A
victorian image of nursing
10
Q
The IOM’s image of nursing entails:
A
- high education
- removal of barriers in scope of practice
- inclusion as interdisciplinary partners
- improved data collection and information infrastructure.
11
Q
The results, or end products, of planned study and experience that are focused on specific abilities required for practice.
A
competency outcomes
12
Q
The problems, changes, and concerns that are current for the present time.
A
contemporary issues.
13
Q
The essential cluster of abilities and skills requied for competent nursing practrice.
A
core competencies
14
Q
The progressive movement from one type of level of education to another, often based on flexible, self-directed, or advanced placement options.
A
educational mobility
15
Q
Shifts in conditoins and concerns that emerge from and influence various aspects of society.
A
educational trends
16
Q
Standardized evaluation based on objective demonstration of specific required competencies.
A
performance examinations
17
Q
Trends and issues that influence nursing education.
A
ethics/bioethical concerns
nursing/faculty shortage
disasters, violence & terrorism
increasing professional and personal responsibility
18
Q
QSEN competencies include:
A
patient centered care, teamwork/collaboration, EBP, QI, safety & informatics
19
Q
Uses terms such as interactive learning, collaborative learning,a nd competency-based learning.
A
practice based competencies
20
Q
Essential professional skills
A
thinking critically, reflectives, ethically, and compassionately
21
Q
A master’s prepared general clinician who oversees the care coordination of a distinct group of patients, evaluates patient outcomes, and has the decision-making authority to change care plans when necessary.
A
Clinical nurse leader
22
Q
Leader in the healthcare delivery system with expertise in QI and cost-effective resource utilization
A
clinical nurse leader
23
Q
Voluntary process by which schools of nursing are approved to conduct nursing education programs.
A
accreditation
24
Q
entity that is responsible for the specialized accreditation of nursing education programs which offer either a certificate, a diplome, or a recognized professional degree.
A
accreditation commission for education in nursing
25
legal title for nurses prepared by education and competence to perform independent practice
advanced practice nurse
26
An independent agency of the ANA that conducts certification examinations and certifies advanced practice nurses.
american nurses credentialing center
27
Process by which nurses are recognized for advanced education and competence.
certification
28
A subsidiary of the AACN with responsiblity for accrediting baccalaureate and higher-degree nursing programs.
CCNE
29
A variety of initiative to ensure nurses' knowledge, skills, and expertise beyond initial licensure.
continued competency program
30
Statutory process by which previously licensed persons are included without further action in revisions or additions in nurse practice acts.
grandfathered
31
Professional organization that represents nurses in countries around the world.
international council of nurses
32
The original program whereby nurses licensed in one state seek licensure in another state without repreat examinations.
licensure by endorsement
33
Educational requirements imposed by individual states for renewal of a license.
mandatory continuing education
34
The nurse licensure compact program establsihess interstate compacts so that nurses livensed in one jurisdiction may practice in other compact states without duplicate licensure. Developed this model by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing.
mutual recognition model
35
Organization whose membership consists of the board of nursing of each state or territory.
National council of state boards of nursing.
36
Statute in each state and territory that regulates the practice of nursing.
nurse practice act
37
Appointed board within each state charged with responsibility to administer the nurse practice act of that state.
State board of nursing
38
Statutes that provide for a revocation of laws if not reviewed and renewed within a certain time period.
sunset legislation
39
An idea or general impression.
concept
40
The basic ingredients of theory
concepts
41
Examples of nursing concepts include:
pain, quality of life, health, stress, and adaptation
42
A group of concepts that are associated because of their relevance to a common theme.
conceptual model
43
The collection and organization of data related to nursing and its associated components.
Nursing science
44
The compilation of data that defines, describes, and logically relates information that will explain past nursing phenomena and predict future trends.
Nursing theory
45
A statement that proposes the relationship between and among concepts.
Proposition
46
A diagram or visual representation of concepts, conceptual models, or theory.
schematic model
47
5 steps of the scientific process
hypothesis, method, data collection, results, evaluation
48
Criteria for theory acceptance
inclusiveness, consistency, accuracy, relevance, fruitfulness, simplicity
49
"Does the theory include all concepts related to the area of interest?"
inclusiveness
50
"Can the theory address new entities without having its founding assumptions changed?"
consistency
51
Does the theory explain retrospective occurrences?
Accuracy
52
Does the theory relate to the scientfiic foundation from which it is derived?
relevance
53
Does the theory generate new directions for future research?
Fruitfulness
54
Does the theory provide a road map for replication?
Simplicity
55
Nursing is an art-an art requiring an organized, practical, and scientific training.
Nursing is putting us in the best possible conditions for nature to preserve health-to prevent, restore, or cure disease or injury.
Nightingale's definition of nursing
56
A brief overview of a research study
abstract
57
an advanced practice nurse who is doctorally prepared and directs and participates in clinical research.
clinical nurse researcher
58
An APN who provides direct care to clients and participates in health education and research.
clinical nurse specialist
59
An evidence-based guide to clinical practice developed by experts in a particular field for direct application in clinical environments.
clinical practice guideline
60
The process of acquiring existing information or developing new information.
data collection
61
Having a foundation based on data gathered through the senses rather than purely through theorizing or logic.
Empirical
62
A qualitative research method for the purpose of investigating cultures that involve data collection, description, and analysis data to develop a theory or cultural behavior.
Ethnography
63
The process of systematically finding, appraising and using research findings as the basis for clinical practice.
EBP
64
A design that includes randomization, a control group, and manipulation between or among variables to examine probability and causality among selected variables for the purpose of predicting and controlling phenomena.
experimental design
65
The inference that findings can be generalized from the sample to the entire population.
generalizability
66
Proposal developed to seek research funding from private or public agencies.
grant
67
A qualitative research design used to collect and analyze data aiming to develop theories grounded in real world observations.
ground theory
68
Methodology that simultaneously synthesizes several experimental and non-experimental research findings to provide a comprehensive undrestanding of the phenomena of interest.
integrativeresear ch review
69
Statistical method of quantitative synthesis of findings from several studies to determine what is known about a phenomenon.
meta-analysis
70
Interpretive translations produced from the integration or comparison of findings from qualitative studies.
metasynthesis
71
Research design used to develop the validity and reliability of instruments that measure research concepts and variables.
methodologic design
72
Holistic view of nature and the direction of science that guides qualitative research
naturalistic paradigm
73
Study in which the researcher estimates the resource needs of the group.
needs assessment
74
Research-based recommendations stated as standards of practice, procedures, or decision algorithms.
practice guidelines
75
Qualitative research design employing inductive descriptive methodology to describe the lived experiences of study participants.
phenomenology
76
Conduct of a smaller version of a proposed study that develops or refines methodology prior to use in a larger study.
pilot study
77
systematic, subjective approach used to describe life experiences and give them meaning.
qualitative research
78
Formal, objective, systematic process used to describe and tests relationships and examine cause and effect interactions among variables.
quantitative research
79
A type of quantitative research study design that lacks one of the components of an experimental design.
quasi-experimental research
80
A research design in which data previously collected in another study are analyzed for different aims than the original study.
secondary analysis
81
An up-to-date merging of findings from several studies concerning the same topic.
state of the science summary
82
A nonexperimental research design that focuses on obtaining information regarding the status quo of a situation, often through direct questioning of participants.
survey
83
What level of evidence includes systematic reviews of RCTs and systematic reviews of nonrandomized trials
level I
84
What level of evidence includes single RCT or a single nonrandomized trial
level II
85
What level of evidence includes a systematic review of correlational/observational studies?
Level III
86
What level of evidence includes a single correlational/observational study?
Level IV
87
What level of evidence includes a systematic review of descriptive/qualitative/physiologic studies
Level V
88
What level of evidence includes a single descriptive/qualitative/physiologic study
Level VI
89
What level of evidence includes opinions of authorities and/or expert opinions?
Level VII
90
A method of reimbursing providers in which the insurance company pays the provider a set payment each month to provide a defined set of health care services for the patient enrolled int he insurance company's health plan.
capitation
91
The federal government agency that administers Medicare and Medicaid.
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
92
A common method of reimbursement based on a predetermined fixed price per case or diagnosis.
DRGS
93
Production of a desired outcome; taking the right action to achieve the expected result.
effectiveness
94
The extent to which resources, such as energy, time, and money, are used to produce the intended result.
Efficiency
95
The measure of the total value of goods and services produced within a country.
GDP
96
AKA the Health insurance marketplace
Health insurance exchange
97
An economic term that refers to a small or insignificant change in some variable
Marginal
98
A jointly sponsoreds tate and federal program that pays for medical services for persons who are elderly, poor, blind, or disabled and for certain families with dependent children who meet specific income guidelines.
Medicaid
99
A federally funded health insurance program for the disabled, persons with end stage renal disease, and persons 65 year of age and older who qualify for social security benefits.
Medicare
100
A method of reimbursement for HCPs in which the total amount of payment for care is predetermined based on the patient's diagnosis.
prospective payment system
101
The most common method of payment in today's HC system
prospective payment system
102
A method of reimbursing HCPs in which professional services are rendered and charges are billed based on each individual service provided; AKA fee for service system
Retrospective payment system
103
aka universal health care
single payer system
104
The process of negotiation sanctioned int he US by the NLRB.
arbitration.
105
The process whereby workers organize under the representation of a union in order to share a degree of power with management to determine selected aspects of the conditions of employment.
Collective bargaining
106
A term associated with a negative workplace event that results in an allegation by an employee that he or she has not been treated fairly and equitably.
grievance
107
A type of union in which there is a single union for all workers in a corporation.
industrial unionism
108
A group composed of those who work for others to receive a salary.
labor
109
The group of people within a business or company who plan, organize, lead, or control the activities of employees who have agreed to work to receive a salary.
management
110
A type of union in which each occupation within a given company has separate unions.
occupational unionism
111
A form of protest in which people congregate outside a place of work of location where an event is taking place.
Picketing
112
Statutes which prohibit agreements between unions and employers that make membership or payment of union dues o a condition of employment, either before or after hiring.
Right-to-work laws
113
To establish a union in a workplace, a majority of employees must express support for the union.
Secret ballot elections
114
A work stoppage caused by the refusal of a large portion of employees to perform work.
strike
115
Actions that interfere with the rights of employees or employers as identified under the NLRA.
unfair labor practices
116
A worksite that requires all new employees in a specific work group to join the union.
union shop
117
Financial plan for the allocation of the organization's resources and a control for ensuring that results comply with the plan.
Budget
118
Statements that reflect issues affecting the future performance of the organization; used as the framework for developing the budget.
Budget assumptions
119
Amount spent on items that will have long-term value to an organization. Typically includes property and equipment
capital expenditures
120
An event or item that requires the outlay of money for purchase or the incurrence of a liability for future payment.
expense
121
An approach to budget development that extrapolates from the prior period's budget and adjusts for future growth or decline in revenues or expenses to determine the budget for the next period.
incremental budgeting.
122
The difference between the planned budget and the actual results.
Variance
123
An approach to budget development that begins as though the budget were being prepared for the first time.
zero-based budgeting
124
allocates funds for daily expenses
operating budget
125
allocates funds for salaries, overtime, benefits,and staff development and training.
Labor budget
126
Allocates funds for construction projects and/or life sustaining medical equipment.
capital budget
127
A citizen who has the opportunity to vote for candidates in elections for representation at the local, state, and federal level.
Constituent
128
The professional organizational unit member of the ANA that represents all professional nurses within a state or territory or other defined organizational entity or boundary
constituent/state nurses association
129
Personal advocacy by individual constituents in support of a problem/position/option related to a policy issue.
grassroots lobbying
130
A set course of action undertaken by governments of HCOs in order to achieve a particular health outcome.
Health policy
131
Acting to persuade, educate, and/or convince policy makers to respond positively to a particular position on an issue or to follow a particular course of legislative, regulatory, or funding activity.
lobbying
132
The statement of principles and policies of a political party, candidate, or elected official.
platform
133
A local, state, or federally elected or appointed official who can propose and directly affect legislation, regulations, or programs that can become actualized.
policymaker
134
Rules used to implement legislation and translate concepts into actions that can be put into practice.
regulation
135
Individuals, groups, organizations who have a vested interest in and may be affected by policy decisions and actions being taken, and thus may attempt to influence those decisions and actions.
stakeholders.
136
Refers to health policy initiatives to effect significant changes in how health is promoted and health care is accessed, delivered, and paid for in the US.
healthcare reform
137
Patient care and nursing practice is a
Political endeavor
138
written set of rules issued by the government agency that has responsibility for administering the new law
regulation
139
the common denominator in any definition of politics
influence
140
Unifies nurses’ political voices across the country to enact measures to enhance health care for all
Empowers nurses by encouraging them to take action and make sure their opinions are heard and understood by Congress and the public
Provides structure and coordination for nurses across the country to be involved in grassroots lobbying
Nurses strategic action team
141
occurs when uninsured persons do not pay their bills, causing service prices to increase for paying customers
cost shifting
142
The two major reasons for national health insurance plan
uncompensated care and cost shifting
143
The largest health insurance program in the US
medicare
144
part of medicare that covers inpatient hospital services, skilled nursing facilities
part A
145
pare of medicare that covers physician services
B
146
part of medicare that provides prescription medical benefits
D
147
In most states, the fasts growing component in the state budget is:
medicaid
148
The primary payer of long term care nationwide
medicaid
149
Unifies nurses’ political voices across the country to enact measures to enhance health care for all
Empowers nurses by encouraging them to take action and make sure their opinions are heard and understood by Congress and the public
Provides structure and coordination for nurses across the country to be involved in grassroots lobbying
agency for healthcare research and quality
150
master’s degree–prepared nurse who is an expert clinician with additional responsibility for education and research; assesses agency’s readiness for research utilization; works with staff to identify clinical problems; helps staff find, implement, and evaluate findings relevant to current practice
clinical nurse specialist
151
doctorally prepared with clinical and research experience
clinical nurse researcher
152
basic measure of the product or service being produced
service unit or unit-of-service
153
traced directly to production of the unit-of-service
direct costs
154
incurred as a result of the organization’s operating expenses but not directly related to providing the unit-of-service
indirect costs or overhead
155
the largest union in the US
national nurses united
156
Identified the client’s feelings as a predictor of positive outcomes related to health and wellness
peplau
157
science of unitary human beings: humans as energy fields that interact constantly with the environment
Rogers
158
Nurse implements appropriate measures to assist the client in meeting needs by matching with an appropriate supportive intervention
orem
159
Nurse will be the change agent in assisting the individual with adaptation when an insult renders him or her in need of environmental modification
roy
160
Theory of cultural care diversity and universality
leninger
161
Caring among nurse, environment, and client is essential to healing
Holistic outlook addresses the effect and importance of altruism, sensitivity, trust, and interpersonal skills
Watson
162
Defines health as “expanding consciousness,” or increasing complexity
Theory stimulated by concern for those whom health as the absence of disease or disability is not possible
Nurse’s role: recognize person’s unique pattern of life and work within that pattern to achieve person’s goals
Every person in every situation, no matter how disordered and hopeless it may seem, is part of the universal process of expanding consciousness
Newman
163
Uncertainty in illness is stress-producing and capable of contributing to negative physical and/or psychological outcomes
Mishel
164
Four-step framework assists nurses in working with clients: stimuli frame, appraisal stage, initiation of coping mechanisms, and adaptation
Mishel
