Test 1

Question 1

Fred VanDyke was important in ethics when

Answer 1

19??-present

Question 2

Who is Fred VanDyke

Answer 2

conservation biologist, executive director of Au Sable Institute of Environmental Studies, author

Question 3

When was George Perkins Marsh Important

Answer 3

1801-1882

Question 4

Who is George Perkins Marsh

Answer 4

naturalist, lawyer, diplomat, businessman

Question 5

What did Fred VanDyke do

Answer 5

professor at wheaton college, director of environmental studies, author of between heaven and earth

Question 6

What did George Perkins Marsh do

Answer 6

author of the book Man and Nature

Question 7

What did the book Man and Nature point out

Answer 7

human impacts on natural ecosystems (past and present) and warned of the dangers of modern industrialization and consequences of ecosystem destruction.

Question 8

What did the book Man and Nature launch

Answer 8

conservation movement

Question 9

When was John Muir involved

Answer 9

1838-1914

Question 10

Who is John Muir

Answer 10

America’s most influential naturalist and preservationist. Founder of the sierra club/ president until his death

Question 11

What did John Muir do

Answer 11

Influenced President Roosevelt’s conservation programs. Wilderness was John Muir’s Bible, where wisdom and truth could be discovered daily.

Question 12

To Muir why did wilderness preservation seem essential

Answer 12

as essential as formal religion, but wilderness for its appreciation requires an openness of spirit that he did not see in most Americans

Question 13

Who did John Muir dispute with

Answer 13

Pinchot

Question 14

What did John Muir and Pinchot dispute over

Answer 14

damming of Hetch Hetchy valley in Yosemite

Question 15

When was Gifford Pinchot involved

Answer 15

1865-1946

Question 16

Who was Gifford Pinchot?

Answer 16

first Chief of the Division of Forestry (US Forest service)

Question 17

What did Gifford Pinchot do

Answer 17

worked with Roosevelt to acquire lots of Western Lands for preservation and created the Society of American Foresters. stewardship is for the purpose of betterment of mankind

Question 18

What were Gifford’s three principles

Answer 18

common good
development
preservation

Question 19

What are the two pillars of his Resource Conservation Ethic

Answer 19

equity and efficiency

Question 20

What did Gifford Pinchot recognize the need for

Answer 20

environmental protection for the future generations and believed it was wrong to waste resources

Question 21

When was Theodore Roosevelt influential

Answer 21

1857-1919

Question 22

Who was Theodore Roosevelt

Answer 22

26th president of the United States (1901-1909)

Question 23

What did Theodore Roosevelt do

Answer 23

achievements were in conservation, add enormously to the national forests, reserved lands for public use, fostered great irrigation projects. Signed legislation adding 5 national parks and 18 national monuments, 100,000 acres of national forests

Question 24

What did Theodore Roosevelt promote

Answer 24

conservation of resources for the common good and preservation of the beauty of the land for future generations, a concern that reflected his own interest

Question 25

When was Aldo Leopold influential

Answer 25

1887-1948 (most in 1960s)

Question 26

Who was Aldo Leopold

Answer 26

conservation ethicist, wildlife ecologist, forester, philosopher, educator, writer

Question 27

What did Aldo Leopold do

Answer 27

collection of essays was published as Sand County Almanac. His Land Ethic which extended moral standing to non-human creatures and even soils, water, and the land.

Question 28

How did Aldo Leopold view humans

Answer 28

plain members of society

Question 29

When was Lynn White Jr influential

Answer 29

1907-1987 (most in 1960s)

Question 30

Who was Lynn White Jr

Answer 30

Professor of Medieval History, studied Western Christianity

Question 31

What did Lynn White Jr do

Answer 31

Wrote The Historical roots of our ecologic crisis which stated christianity is declared to be anthropocentric in its claims of dominion over nature, cause of ecological crisis

Question 32

When did Francis Schaeffer influential

Answer 32

1912-1984

Question 33

Who was Francis Schaeffer

Answer 33

pastor, theologian, philosopher

Question 34

What did Francis Schaeffer do

Answer 34

Wrote a book, pollution and the death of man, arguing against those who said that ecologic crisis was caused by Christians but also not letting the church off the hook. Argued for active Christian involvement in politics and culture

Question 35

When was joseph sittler influential

Answer 35

1904-1987

Question 36

Who was joseph sittler

Answer 36

preacher ( americal lutheran theologian)

Question 37

What did joseph sittler do

Answer 37

preacher and taught at divinity school of the university of chicago. credited with pioneering the links between Christian theology and ecological thought

Question 38

What did joseph sittler insist

Answer 38

care for the earth and its environment is central concern of the Christian reglion

Question 39

Who did joseph sittler insist received moral standing

Answer 39

non humans on biblical grounds and affirmed the concept of cosmic redemption

Question 40

When was calvin Beisner influential

Answer 40

19??-present

Question 41

Who was Calving Beisner

Answer 41

theologian and economist (author, pastor, college professor, seminar speaker)

Question 42

What did Calvin Beisner find

Answer 42

the Cornwall alliance for the stewardship of creation

Question 43

What did Calvin Beisner draft

Answer 43

the cornwall declaration on environmental stewardship

Question 44

What did Calvin beisner believe

Answer 44

humanity alone of all the created order is capable of developing other resources and can thus enrich creation. Humans are most valuable resource on earth. God can be glorified through a world in which humans care for all creatures, widespread economic freedom.

Question 45

When was Wendell Berry influential

Answer 45

1934-present

Question 46

Who was Wendell Berry

Answer 46

prolific writer cultural and economic critic, farmer

Question 47

What did Wendell Berry do

Answer 47

Proponent of sustainable agriculture, living in community, connection to place, local economics, value of work. criticizes christian organizations that are complacent about environmental degradation. destruction of nature is the most horrid blasphemy