Test 1

Question 1

What are the 4 D’s ?

Answer 1

Deviance
Distress
Dysfunction
Danger

Question 2

The scientific study of abnormal behavior undertaken to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning is called ?

Answer 2

Abnormal psychology

Question 3

According to many clinical theorists, behavior, thoughts, or emotions must cause distress before they can be labeled abnormal is associated with ?

Answer 3

Distress

Question 4

Abnormal behavior may become dangerous to oneself or others

•careless, hostile, or confused is associated with ?

Answer 4

Danger

Question 5

• Abnormal behavior tends to be dysfunctional – it interferes with daily functioning
• Culture plays a role in the definition of abnormality is a associated with ?

Answer 5

Dysfunction

Question 6

Unusual – atypical
•Who says?
•Societal norms – place, time, and circumstances
•Place is associated with ?

Answer 6

Deviance

Question 7

• Szasz finds the concept of mental illness to be invalid
• “Societies invent the concept of mental illness to better control or change people who threaten social order” who’s view is this ?

Answer 7

Szasz view of abnormality

Question 8

It’s history, values, institutions, habits , skills, technology , and arts pertains to ?

Answer 8

Culture

Question 9

is a procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior – I like the words “unhealthy” to “healthy”

Answer 9

Treatment

Question 10

1. A sufferer who seeks relief from the healer
2. A trained , socially accepted healer, whose expertise is accepted by the sufferer and his or her social group
3. A series of contacts between the healer and the sufferer, thought which the healer … tries to produce certain changes in the sufferer’s emotional state, attitude, and behaviors

These are what ?

Answer 10

The 3 essentials features of therapy

Question 11

A stone instrument, or trephine, was used to cut away a circular section of the skull is called ?

Answer 11

Trephination

Question 12

Hold that many forms of abnormal and normal psychological functioning are psychogenic is called

Answer 12

Psychoanalysis

Question 13

Is drug that primarily affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunction is called ?

Types of medications used:
Antipsychotic, antidepressant, antianxiety

Answer 13

psychotropic medications

Question 14

Releasing hundred of thousands of patients from public mental hospitals is called ?

Answer 14

Deinstitutionalization

Question 15

An arrangement by which an individual directly pays a psychotherapist for counseling services is called

Answer 15

private psychotherapy.

Question 16

Medical perspective
•Main focus is that psychological abnormality is an illness brought about by malfunctioning parts of the organism
•brain anatomy or brain chemistry belongs to what model ?

Answer 16

The Biological Model

Question 17

Treatments
•Drug therapy
•Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Strengths
•Enjoys considerable respect in the field
•Constantly produces valuable new information
•Treatments can bring great relief

Weaknesses
Can limit, rather than enhance, our understanding

Answer 17

Treatments , strength and weaknesses of the biological model

Question 18

• Oldest psychological model

* Behavior is determined by underlying dynamic (interaction) between unconscious factors (id, ego, superego)

Answer 18

The Psychodynamic Model

Question 19

In science , the perspectives used to explain events are known as ?

Answer 19

Models/Paradigms

Question 20

Utilize various techniques:
•Free association
•Therapist interpretation
•Resistance
•Transference
•Dream interpretation
•Catharsis
•Working through

Answer 20

Therapies for Psychodynamic model

Question 21

Like psychodynamic theorists, behavioral theorists believe that our actions are determined by our experiences
•Focus: behaviors and environmental factors
•Bases explanations and treatments on principles of learning

Answer 21

The Behavioral Model

Question 22

Aim to identify the behaviors that are causing problems and replace them with more appropriate ones deals with what type of therapy ?

Answer 22

Therapy for behavior model

Question 23

Abnormality caused by abnormal cognitive processes

•Clinicians assess assumptions, attitudes, and thoughts of a client

Answer 23

The Cognitive Model

Question 24

People can overcome their problems by developing new ways of thinking
•Main model: Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
•The goal of therapy is to help clients recognize and restructure their thinking
•Therapists as a guide
•challenge their dysfunctional thoughts
•try out new thoughts
•apply new ways of thinking in their daily lives
•Widely used in treating depression deals with what type of therapy ?

Answer 24

Cognitive Therapies

Question 25

Combination model •The humanist view •Emphasis on people as friendly, cooperative, and constructive; focus on drive to self-actualize through honest recognition of strengths and weaknesses

Answer 25

The Humanistic Model

Question 26

The existentialist view | •Emphasis on self-determination, choice, and individual responsibility; focus on authenticity

Answer 26

The Existential Model

Question 27

Believes in the basic human need for unconditional positive regard •If received, leads to unconditional self-regard •If not, leads to “conditions of worth” is what type of therapy ?

Answer 27

Humanistic Therapy

Question 28

Abnormality = self-deception In therapy, people are encouraged to accept personal responsibility for their problems •Goals more important than technique , deals with what type of therapy ?

Answer 28

Existential Therapy

Question 29

``` Social and cultural forces that influence behavior •Address norms and roles in society •Comprised of two major perspectives: •Family-Social perspective •Multicultural perspective ```

Answer 29

The Sociocultural Models

Question 30

This perspective has helped spur the growth of several treatment approaches, including: •Group therapy •Family therapy •Couple therapy •Community treatment •Includes prevention work, deals with what type of treatment?

Answer 30

Family-Social Treatments

Question 31

the collecting of relevant information in an effort to reach a conclusion is called an ?

Answer 31

Assessment

Question 32

Clinical assessment is used to determine how and why a person is behaving abnormally •how that person may be helped •may be used to evaluate treatment progress

Answer 32

Components of an assessment

Question 33

Refers to the consistency of assessment measures

Answer 33

Reliability

Question 34

Refers to it must accurately measure what is suppose to measure

Answer 34

Validity

Question 35

These face-to-face encounters often are the first contact between a client and clinician Used to collect detailed information, especially personal history, about a client refers to what type of interviews?

Answer 35

CLINICAL INTERVIEWS

Question 36

clinicians ask open-ended questions is what type of interview

Answer 36

an unstructured interview

Question 37

clinicians ask prepared questions a what type of interview

Answer 37

a structured interview

Question 38

Require that clients interpret vague and ambiguous stimuli or follow open-ended instruction •Mainly used by psychodynamic practitioners Examples: ``` •Rorschach Test •Thematic Apperception Test •Sentence completion tests •Drawings Refers to what type of tests ? ```

Answer 38

Projective tests

Question 39

Usually based on self-reported responses •Focus on one specific area of functioning •Affective inventories (example: Beck Depression Inventory) •Social skills inventories •Cognitive inventories Is referring to what type of test ?

Answer 39

Response inventories

Question 40

Measure physiological response as an indication of psychological problems •Includes heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, galvanic skin response, and muscle contraction •Most popular is the polygraph (lie detector) , refers to what type of test ?

Answer 40

Psychophysiological tests

Question 41

directly assess brain function by assessing brain structure and activity •Examples: EEG, PET scans, CAT scans, MRI, fMRI refers to what type of test ?

Answer 41

Neurological tests

Question 42

indirectly assess brain function by assessing cognitive, perceptual, and motor functioning Most widely used is the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test , refers to to what type of test ?

Answer 42

neuropsychological tests

Question 43

* Designed to indirectly measure intellectual ability * Typically comprised of a series of tests assessing both verbal and nonverbal skills * General score is an intelligence quotient (IQ), refers to what type of test ?

Answer 43

Intelligence tests

Question 44

``` Systematic observations of behavior Several kinds: •Naturalistic •Analog •Self-monitoring Refers to what type of observation? ```

Answer 44

CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS

Question 45

How are disorders diagnosed ?

Answer 45

By Using assessment data and the clinical picture

Question 46

is a state of alarm in response to a vague sense of being in danger

Answer 46

Anxiety

Question 47

Excessive anxiety under most circumstances The disorder is common in Western society

Answer 47

Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD)

Question 48

Symptoms: restlessness, fatigue; difficulty concentrating, muscle tension, and/or sleep problems •Symptoms must last at least six months

Answer 48

Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Question 49

As many as 4% of the US population have symptoms in any given year and

Answer 49

True

Question 50

According to this theory, GAD is most likely to develop in people faced with social conditions that truly are dangerous refers to what perspective example :Hurricane Katrina in 2005

Answer 50

The Sociocultural perspective

Question 51

adequate defense mechanisms •People with GAD are particularly likely to use defense mechanisms (especially repression) refers to what type of perspective

Answer 51

THE Psychodynamic perspective

Question 52

Theorists propose that GAD, like other psychological disorders, arises when people stop looking at themselves honestly and acceptingly refers to what type of perspective

Answer 52

The HumanIstic perspective

Question 53

Initially, theorists suggested that GAD is caused by maladaptive assumptions refers to what perspective ?

Answer 53

The Cognitive perspective

Question 54

Biological theorists believe that GAD is caused chiefly by biological factors refers to what perspective

Answer 54

The biological perspective