Test 1

Question 1

Receive and transmit info to other cells

Answer 1

Neurons

Question 2

Play supportive role in brain functioning

Answer 2

Gila cells (neuroglia)

Question 3

Spaniard Santiago Ramon y Cajal

Answer 3

Demonstrate individual cells comprising nervous system remained separate

Question 4

Two layers of fat molecules

Most chemicals restricted from flowing in and out of neurons

Answer 4

Cell membrane (plasma membrane)

Question 5

Membrane enclosed structure within cell

Contains DNA

Answer 5

Cell nucleus

Question 6

Site of protein synthesis in cell

Answer 6

Ribosomes

Question 7

Provide cell with energy

Requires oxygen to function

Answer 7

Mitochondrion

Question 8

Transports newly synthesized protein to destination

Answer 8

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

Conduct impulses to muscles and glands from spinal cord

Answer 9

Motor neuron

Question 10

Contains nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria

Answer 10

Cell body (soma)

Question 11

Sensitive to certain types of stimulation (light, touch, smell, taste, sound)

Answer 11

Sensory neuron

Question 12

Long thin fiber sending electrical impulse to other neuron, muscles, and glands

Answer 12

Axon

Question 13

Insulating material covering some neurons

Answer 13

Myelin sheath

Question 14

Branches extend from cell body receiving information from other neurons

Answer 14

Dendrites

Question 15

Swelling at tip of axon

Releases chemicals

Answer 15

Presynaptic terminal (bouton or end bulb)

Question 16

Bring info to a structure

Answer 16

Afferent axons

Question 17

Sending info away from structure

Answer 17

Efferent axons

Question 18

Entirely located within single structure of nervous system

Answer 18

Intrinsic neurons (interneurons)

Question 19

Characteristics of axon

Answer 19

Take into away from cell body
Smooth  surface 
Generally 1 axon per cell 
No ribosomes
Canhave myelin 
branch furtherfrom cell  body

Question 20

Characteristics of dendrites

Answer 20

Bring info to cell body
Rough surface
Usually many dendrites per cell
Have ribosomes 
No myelin insulation 
Branch near cell body

Question 21

Structure of neuron

Answer 21

Variations
Function related to shape
Shape is plastic

Question 22

Build myelin sheath around one axon in peripheral nerve

Answer 22

Schwann cells

Question 23

Type of astrocyte

Guides migration of neurons, axon, and dendrites growth

Answer 23

Radial glia

Question 24

Help synchronize activity of axon by wrapping around presynaptic terminal

Answer 24

Astrocytes

Question 25

Remove waste material, viruses, and fungi from brain

Answer 25

Microglia

Question 26

Build myelin sheaths around multiple axons in brain and spinal cord

Answer 26

Oligodendrocytes

Question 27

Nourishment of vertebrate neurons

Answer 27

Glucose Amino acids Thiamine Oxygen

Question 28

Difference in electrical potential or voltage

Answer 28

Resting potential

Question 29

Electrical message transmitted down axon of neuron

Answer 29

Nerve impulse

Question 30

Difference in distribution of ions between inside and outside of membrane

Answer 30

Concentration gradient

Question 31

Semi permeable capillaries that keep most chemical out of vertebrate brain

Answer 31

Blood brain barrier

Question 32

Resting potential

Answer 32

Neuron maintains electrical polarization -70 millivolts Allows neuron to respond quickly to a stimulus

Question 33

Electrical message transmitted down axon of neuron

Answer 33

Nerve impulse

Question 34

Difference in distribution of ions between inside and outside of membrane

Answer 34

Concentration gradient

Question 35

Increasing polarization or difference between electrical charge of two places

Answer 35

Hyperpolarization

Question 36

Decreasing polarization towards zero

Answer 36

Depolarization

Question 37

Protein mechanism found along neuron membrane which transports sodium ions outside while drawing potassium ions into cell

Answer 37

Sodium potassium pump

Question 38

Difference in positive and negative charges across membrane

Answer 38

Electrical gradient