test 1 ch 3

Question 1

vertebrate nervous system

Answer 1

central + peripheral NS

Question 2

central nervous system

Answer 2

brain + spinal cord

Question 3

peripheral nervous system

Answer 3

somatic + autonomic nervous system

Question 4

group of neurons

Answer 4

ganglion

Question 5

proximal

Answer 5

closer to center

Question 6

medial

Answer 6

midline

Question 7

ipsilateral

Answer 7

same side

Question 8

ventral

Answer 8

toward stomach

Question 9

dorsal

Answer 9

back, away from ventral side

Question 10

posterior

Answer 10

toward rear end

Question 11

lateral

Answer 11

toward side

Question 12

coronal plane

Answer 12

shows brain structures as seen from front

Question 13

tract

Answer 13

set of axons within CNS

Question 14

gyrus

Answer 14

protuberance on surface of brain

Question 15

sulcus

Answer 15

fold or groove that separates one gyrus from another

Question 16

part of the cns found within spinal column

communicates with sense organs and muscle below head

Answer 16

spinal cord

Question 17

dorsal roots enter spinal cord carrying info from sensory organs; ventral roots exit spinal cord carrying motor info to muscle and glands

Answer 17

bell-magendie law

Question 18

clusters of sensory neuron cell bodies located outside spinal cord

Answer 18

dorsal root gnglia

Question 19

in the peripheral of spinal cord, comprising mainly of myelinated axons

Answer 19

white matter

Question 20

autonomic nervous system

Answer 20

composed of sympathetic and parasympathetic NS

Question 21

sympathetic NS

Answer 21

fight or flight; increasing heart rate, release norepinephrine

Question 22

parasympathetic NS

Answer 22

relaxation system; release acetylcholine

Question 23

posterior part of brain consist of medulla, pons, and cerebellum

Answer 23

hindbrain

Question 24

medulla, pons, midbrain, and certain central structures of forebrain

Answer 24

brainstem

Question 25

controls breathing, heart rate, vomiting, salivation, coughing, and sneezing, and other vital reflexes through cranial nerves

Answer 25

medulla

Question 26

set of twelve nerves that control sensory and motor info to head

Answer 26

cranial nerves

Question 27

allows axons cross from on side of brain to other

Answer 27

pons "bridge"

Question 28

organizes sensory info which guides movement

Answer 28

cerebellum

Question 29

compoposed of superior colliculus and inferior colliculus; involved in pathways for sensory info

Answer 29

tectum

Question 30

includes III and IV cranial nerve nuclei, part of reticular formation and many important tathways

Answer 30

tegmentum

Question 31

comtains dopamine neurons

Answer 31

substantia nigra

Question 32

comprised of olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and cinhulate gyrus; involved in motivational and emotional behavior

Answer 32

limbic system

Question 33

provide main source of info to cerebral cortex

Answer 33

thalamus

Question 34

small structure containing many distinct nuclei; send messages to pituitary gland altering release of hormone; motivated behavior, emotins, drives, and aggression

Answer 34

hypothalamus

Question 35

endocrine gland attached to base of hypothalamus

Answer 35

pituitay gland

Question 36

include caudate, putamen, and hlobus pallidus (parkinsons and huntingtons) planning of mootor movement, and aspects of memory and emotional expression

Answer 36

basal ganglia

Question 37

structure in dorsal surface of forebrain including nucleus basalis (arousal, wakefulness, and attention) sends axons that release acetylcholine

Answer 37

basal forebrain

Question 38

large structure between thalamus and cerebral cortex; new memory storage

Answer 38

hippocampus

Question 39

fornix

Answer 39

major axon tract that links hippocampus with hypothalamus and other structures

Question 40

four fluid filled cavities within brain

Answer 40

ventricles

Question 41

fluid filled channel in center of spinal cord

Answer 41

central canal

Question 42

clear fluid formed by choroid plexus

Answer 42

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 43

thin membranes which surround brin and spinal cord

Answer 43

meninges

Question 44

inflammation of menings; migraine headaches

Answer 44

meningitis

Question 45

corpus callosum and anterior commissure

Answer 45

bundles of axons that allow two brain hemispheres to communicate with one another; for courdination

Question 46

laminae

Answer 46

layers of cell bodies which lie parallel to surface of corte and separated from each other by layers of fivers (cerebral cortex contains up to six)

Question 47

posterior portion of cerebral cortex; visual pathway system

Answer 47

occipital lobe

Question 48

lies between occipital lobe and central sulcus touch sensations; muscle stretch receptors and joint receptors processing integrating info about eye head and body positions

Answer 48

parietal lobe

Question 49

near temples, auditory info; left side comprehension of spoken language and aspects of vision

Answer 49

temporal lobe

Question 50

kluver-bucy syndrome

Answer 50

temporal lobe damage; fail to show normal fear and anxiety

Question 51

primary motor cortex and frefrontal cortex

Answer 51

frontal lobe

Question 52

precentral gyrus

Answer 52

fine motor

Question 53

prefrontal cortex

Answer 53

receives all sensory info; abstract thinking and planning ability

Question 54

technique that allows researchers to turn on activity in targeted neurons by shining laser within brain

Answer 54

optogenetics