Test 1

Question 1

what are organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye?

Answer 1

microorganisms

Question 2

what kind of organisms do you need a microscope to see?

Answer 2

microorganisms

Question 3

where are microbes found?

Answer 3

in almost every environment imaginable

Question 4

__ are found in the body and on the surface of the body?

Answer 4

microbes

Question 5

there are ___ on most of our body

Answer 5

microbes

Question 6

the finding of bacteria began with the production of the ___

Answer 6

microscope

Question 7

who was the first person to observe bacteria using a microscope?

Answer 7

anton van leeuwenhoek

Question 8

____ reported that living things were composed of little boxes, or cells.

Answer 8

robert hooke

Question 9

who lead to the discovery of the cell theory?

Answer 9

robert hooke

Question 10

what is the cell theory?

Answer 10

that every living thing was made of cells

Question 11

what is “wee animalcules”?

Answer 11

“small organisms” in dutch

Question 12

what is the belief that life arises from pre-existing life?

Answer 12

biogenesis

Question 13

he believed in biogenesis. filled 3 jars with decaying meat. one jar was open, one was sealed, one was covered with a net. this proved spontaneous generation of animals wrong. who was this?

Answer 13

francesco redi

Question 14

he believed in spontaneous generation for bacteria. he heated nutrient broth and then placed it into a covered flask. there was microbial growth. who was this?

Answer 14

john needham

Question 15

he believed in biogenesis. he placed nutrient broth in a sealed flask and then heated it. there was no microbial growth. who was this?

Answer 15

lazzaro spallanzani

Question 16

who demonstrated that life did not arise spontaneously from nonliving matter?

Answer 16

louis pasteur

Question 17

who proved the biogenesis of bacteria and that bacteria are in the air?

Answer 17

louis pasteur

Question 18

he used the curved flask to heat the nutrient broth and when the broth cooled there was no microbial growth. to prove that there are microbes in the air he tipped the flask so that the sterile liquid contacted the microorganism-laden dust. this lead to microbial growth inside of the flask. who was this?

Answer 18

louis pasteur

Question 19

who demonstrated that these spoilage bacteria could be killed by heat that was not hot enough to evaporate the alcohol in wine?

Answer 19

pasteur

Question 20

what is the application of a high heat for a short time to kill harmful bacteria in beverages?

Answer 20

pasteurization

Question 21

what are the types of microorganisms?

Answer 21

prokaryotic (bacteria and archaea)
eukaryotic (fungi, protozoa, and algae)
viruses

Question 22

prokaryotes that have a peptidoglycan cell wall and replicate by binary fission. for energy they use organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, or photosynthesis. what microbe is this?

Answer 22

bacteria

Question 23

prokaryotes that lack peptidoglycan cell wall. they live in extreme environments: extreme halophiles (salt loving) or extreme thermophiles. what microbe is this?

Answer 23

archaea

Question 24

eukaryotes that have a chitin cell wall. they use organic chemicals for energy. can be multicellular and unicellular. what microbe is this?

Answer 24

fungi

Question 25

molds and mushrooms are multicellular fungi, consisting of masses of ___, which are composed of filaments called___.

Answer 25

mycelia; hyphae

Question 26

yeasts are unicellular _____.

Answer 26

fungi

Question 27

eukaryotes that have no cell wall. they absorb or ingest organic chemicals. they may be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella. what microbe is this?

Answer 27

protozoa

Question 28

eukaryotes that have a cellulose cell wall. they are photosynthetic and produce oxygen and organic compounds. what microbe is this?

Answer 28

algae

Question 29

acellular and consist of a DNA or RNA core. the core is surrounded by a protein coat and the coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope. they are only replicated when they are in a living host cell meaning that they are obligate parasites. what microbe is this?

Answer 29

viruses

Question 30

microorganisms can be both ____ and ____ to humans.

Answer 30

beneficial; harmful

Question 31

many more microorganisms are ____ than ____.

Answer 31

beneficial; harmful

Question 32

what are the important elements?

Answer 32

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen, phosphorus