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Psych 210 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

HISTORIOGRAPHY

A

Techniques and principles of conducting historical research.

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2
Q

ZEITGEIST

A

Prevailing intellectual climate.

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3
Q

PERSONALISTIC THEORY

A

Historical change is due to great persons.

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4
Q

NATURALISTIC THEORY

A

Historical change is due to Zeitgeist

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5
Q

MECHANISM

A

Living things are best understood in terms of machines.

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6
Q

DETERMINISM

A

All acts are caused.

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7
Q

REDUCTIONISM

A

Events on one level are explained in terms of events on another level.

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8
Q

EMPIRICISM

A

All knowledge is due to experience.

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9
Q

RENE DESCARTES

A

Father of modern philosophy; solution to mind-body problem was interactive dualism.

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10
Q

INNATE

A

Ideas not derived from sensory experience; proposed by Rene Descartes.

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11
Q

POSITIVISM

A

Scientific inquiry is restricted to observable facts; proposed by Auguste Comte.

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12
Q

MATERIALISM

A

Only physical things truly exist.

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13
Q

JOHN LOCKE

A

British empiricist; argued all ideas come from experience.

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14
Q

ASSOCIATIONISM

A

Complex ideas arise from linking simple ideas.

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15
Q

PRIMARY

A

Qualities of objects that exist independent of perception; proposed by John Locke.

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16
Q

SECONDARY

A

Qualities of objects that exist dependent on perception; proposed by John Locke

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17
Q

GEORGE BERKELEY

A

British empiricist; early proponent of mentalism.

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18
Q

MENTALISM

A

Perception is the only reality.

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19
Q

DAVID HUME

A

British empiricist; known as the ultimate sceptic.

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20
Q

RESEMBLANCE

A

Similarity strengthens association between ideas; proposed by David Hume.

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21
Q

CONTIGUITY

A

Proximity in time or space strengthens association between ideas; proposed by David Hume.

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22
Q

DAVID HARTLEY

A

British empiricist; began the search for biological correlates of mental events.

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23
Q

REPETITION

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A

Frequent pairings strengthen association between two ideas; proposed by David Hartley.

24
Q

JAMES MILL

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A

British empiricist; his work represents the culmination of associationism.

25
JOHN STUART MILL
British empiricist; unlike father he argued mind is active in asssociation of ideas.
26
MENTAL CHEMISTRY
Simple ideas combine to form complex ideas with emergent properties; proposed by John Stuart Mill
27
SPECIFIC NERVE ENERGY
Each sensory nerve produces its own specific sensation; first proposed by Johannes Muller.
28
CLINICAL METHOD
Posthumous examination of brain structures to determine cause of a behavioral disorder; developed by Paul Broca.
29
EXTIRPATION
Destroy part of brain and observe resultant behavior change; first used by Marshall Hall and Pierre Flourens.
30
ELECTRICAL STIMULATION
Apply weak current to brain part and observe resultant behavior change; first used by Gustav Fritsch and Eduard Hitzig.
31
PHRENOLOGY
Shape of one's skull reveals one's personality; discipline founded by Franz Gall.
32
HERMANN VON HELMHOLTZ
Great scientist of 19th century; his study of human senses advanced experimental approach to psychological issues.
33
ERNST WEBER
First to demonstrate systematic relations between physical events and mental events.
34
TWO-POINT THRESHOLD
Smallest spatial distance at which two points of touch on body produce two distinct sensations.
35
JND
Psychological unit designating smallest change in level of a stimulus that can be detected.
36
GUSTAV FECHNER
Founder of psychophysics.
37
ABSOLUTE THRESHOLD
Smallest level of a stimulus that can be detected.
38
DIFFERENTIAL THRESHOLD
Smallest change in level of a stimulus that can be detected.
39
PSYCHOPHYSICS
Scientific study of relations between physical events and mental events.
40
WILHELM WUNDT
Founder of psychology as independent science; associated with University of Leipzig.
41
VOLUNTARISM
School of Wilhelm Wundt based on notion of apperception.
42
INTROSPECTION
Reflection on one's subjective experience.
43
APPERCEPTION
An active process by which the mind organizes elements of experience to create a wholeness of experience.
44
HERMANN EBBINGHAUS
First to conduct experimental research on learning and memory.
45
FRANZ BRENTANO
Founder of act psychology
46
ACT PSYCHOLOGY
School that focuses on mental activity rather than mental content.
47
PHENOMENOLOGY
Method of introspection that focuses on intact meaningful experience.
48
OSWALD KULPE
Studied higher mental processes via systematic experimental introspection; founded the Wurzburg school.
49
SYSTEMATIC EXPERIMENTAL
Method of introspection that uses retrospection about mental experience of performing a task.
50
IMAGELESS THOUGHT
A mental action with no particular referent; proposed by Oswald Kulpe.
51
STRUCTURALISM
School concerned with analyzing consciousness into its component parts.
52
EDWARD TITCHENER
Founder of structuralism; associated with Cornell University.
53
MARGARET WASHBURN
Student of Edward Titchener; first woman to earn doctorate in psychology.
54
STIMULUS ERROR
Confusing object itself with one's immediate experience of it.
55
Titchener's mental elements
Sensations, images, affective states.
56
Titchener's characteristics of mental elements
Quality, intensity, duration, clearness.

Psych 210 (2 decks)

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