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Psych 210 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

NEOBEHAVIORISM

A

Schools of behaviorism after John Watson; common denominator is operationism.

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2
Q

OPERATIONISM

A

Doctrine that all theoretical terms in science should be operationally defined; promoted by physicist Percy
Bridgman.

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3
Q

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

A

The equating of the meaning of a theoretical term with the procedure used to measure it.

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4
Q

EDWARD TOLMAN

A

Founder of purposive behaviorism.

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5
Q

PURPOSIVE BEHAVIORISM

A

System that focuses on goal-directed nature of behavior; forerunner to cognitive psychology.

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6
Q

INTERVENING VARIABLE

A

Operationally defined theoretical term useful in explaining behavior; introduced into behaviorism by Edward Tolman.

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7
Q

COGNITIVE MAP

A

Mental representation of set of relations that guides behavior; proposed by Edward Tolman.

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8
Q

CLARK HULL

A

Dominated American psychology from 1940s to 1960s; proposed complex learning theory based on
hypothetico-deductive method.

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9
Q

HYPOTHETICO-DEDUCTIVE

A

Establish postulates and then deduce conclusions that can be experimentally tested.

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10
Q

REINFORCEMENT (Hull)

A

Strength of association between stimulus and response increases when occurrence is followed by drive
reduction.

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11
Q

HABIT STRENGTH

A

Strength of association between stimulus and response; intervening variable proposed by Clark Hull.

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12
Q

BF SKINNER

A

Uncontested champion of behaviorism from 1950s to 1980s; advocated a functional analysis.

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13
Q

FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

A

Study of systematic relations between environmental events and behavioral events.

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14
Q

OPERANT CONDITIONING

A

Frequency of a behavior changes when it produces a consequence; studied by BF Skinner.

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15
Q

REINFORCEMENT (Skinner)

A

Frequency of a behavior increases when it produces a consequence.

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16
Q

REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULE

A

Specification of how a reinforcing event is dependent on a behavior; studied by BF Skinner.

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17
Q

WALDEN TWO

A

Famous novel written by BF Skinner describing utopian society based on application of behavioral principles.

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18
Q

GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY

A

School based on belief that whole is different than sum of its parts.

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19
Q

PHI PHENOMENON

A

Illusion of movement created by presenting visual stimuli in rapid succession; studied by Max Wertheimer.

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20
Q

MAX WERTHEIMER

A

Co-founder of Gestalt Psychology; wrote seminal paper about phi phenomenon marking start of school.

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21
Q

KURT KOFFKA

A

Co-founder of Gestalt Psychology; wrote paper leading to misconception in America that school was about
perception only.

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22
Q

WOLFGANG KOHLER

A

Co-founder of Gestalt Psychology; famous for research on insightful learning in chimpanzees.

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23
Q

PERCEPTUAL CONSTANCY

A

Perception of whole remains intact despite fluctuating sensory information from it; key concept in Gestalt
Psychology.

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24
Q

INSIGHTFUL LEARNING

A

Sudden ability to solve problem after perceiving relations among its parts; studied by Wolfgang Kohler.

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25
ISOMORPHISM
Conscious experience is like a map of the underlying brain experience; key concept in Gestalt Psychology.
26
PSYCHOANALYSIS
School that emphasizes unconscious motivation; subject matter is psychopathology; primary method is clinical observation.
27
FRANZ MESMER
His use of magnetic therapy induced trances in patients.
28
MARTIN CHARCOT and PIERRE JANET
Their pioneering treatment of hysteria with hypnosis shifted psychiatry from physical to mental viewpoint.
29
CATHARSIS
Conscious expression of repressed ideas brings emotional release.
30
SIGMUND FREUD
Founder of psychoanalysis
31
JOSEF BREUER
His case report on Anna O played critical role in development of psychoanalysis.
32
TRANSFERENCE
Patient develops feelings for therapist similar to feelings for significant other; first reported by Josef Breuer.
33
FREE ASSOCIATION
Psychotherapeutic technique in which patient says whatever comes to mind; developed by Sigmund Freud.
34
SEDUCTION THEORY
Cause of all neuroses is sexual abuse during childhood; proposed and later discarded by Sigmund Freud.
35
REPRESSION
Unacceptable ideas are forced from conscious level and left to operate at unconscious level; key concept in psychoanalysis.
36
LIBIDO
Collective psychic energy associated with life instinct; proposed by Sigmund Freud.
37
ID
Instinctual aspect of personality operating at unconscious level; proposed by Sigmund Freud.
38
EGO
Rational aspect of personality responsible for controlling id; proposed by Sigmund Freud.
39
SUPEREGO
Moral aspect of personality derived from internalizing values of others; proposed by Sigmund Freud.
40
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
Ways that ego alters reality at unconscious level to reduce anxiety; proposed by Sigmund Freud.
41
OEDIPUS COMPLEX
Boys unconsciously desire to sexually possess mother and destroy father; proposed by Sigmund Freud.
42
ANNA FREUD
Psychoanalyst who developed ego psychology; pioneer in child analysis.
43
EGO PSYCHOLOGY
School that expanded psychoanalysis to accept independence of ego from id.
44
CARL JUNG
Founder of analytical psychology.
45
ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY
School descended from psychoanalysis; emphasizes the collective unconscious and self-actualization.
46
PERSONAL UNCONSCIOUS
Reservoir of material at surface level of unconscious that can be easily recalled; proposed by Carl Jung.
47
COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS
Reservoir of material at deepest level of unconscious that contains archetypes; proposed by Carl Jung.
48
ARCHETYPES
Emotional responses to significant life events that are inherited and reside in collective unconscious; proposed by Carl Jung.
49
ALFRED ADLER
Founder of individual psychology.
50
INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY
School descended from psychoanalysis; emphasizes how compensatory mechanisms affect personal growth.
51
SOCIAL INTEREST
Concern for others and society; Alfred Adler believes essential for healthy personality.
52
INFERIORITY COMPLEX
Pathological condition resulting from inability to compensate for feelings of inferiority; proposed by Alfred Adler.
53
KAREN HORNEY
Psychoanalyst who stressed cultural factors as determinants personality.
54
BASIC ANXIETY
Feelings of despair caused by parent frustrating basic needs of child; proposed by Karen Horney.
55
HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY
School concerned with uniqueness and basic goodness of humans; started in 1960s.
56
ABRAHAM MASLOW
Spiritual father of humanistic psychology.
57
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
Realization of one's full potential; key concept in humanistic psychology.
58
CARL ROGERS
Humanistic psychologist who developed person-centered psychotherapy.
59
UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD
Mother gives love to child without preconditions; Carl Rogers claims essential to healthy personality.
60
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
School concerned with mental processes of knowing.
61
JEAN PIAGET
Anticipator of cognitive psychology; viewed child development in cognitive stages.
62
GEORGE MILLER
Pioneer in cognitive psychology; established The Center for Cognitive Studies in 1960.
63
ULRIC NEISSER
Pioneer in cognitive psychology; wrote landmark book called Cognitive Psychology in 1967.

Psych 210 (2 decks)

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