test 1

Question 1

_______________ is a neurosurgical procedure that servers connections to the prefrontal cortex.

Answer 1

Lobotomy

Question 2

_____________ is a cognitive representation of a future outcome that the individual is committed to approach or avoid.

Answer 2

goal

Question 3

Where does the word motivation derive from?

Answer 3

motive

Question 4

Motive is derived from the latin word ___________ meaning to move.

Answer 4

motus

Question 5

____________ is the underlying processes that provide energy and direction for behavior.

Answer 5

motivation

Question 6

_____________ is starting a goal directed behavior

Answer 6

initiation

Question 7

_______________ is the amount of resources expended to carry out a goal directed behavior.

Answer 7

intensity

Question 8

_______________ is the continuing expenditure of energy until a goal directed behavior is completed.

Answer 8

persistance

Question 9

____________ refers to likely to struggle with aggression, criminality, sexual promiscuity, mental health disorders, eating disorders, academic failures, personal relationship failures, alcoholism, obesity, and substance dependence.

Answer 9

self control

Question 10

_______________ is the idea that humans are motivated to pursue pleasure and avoid pain.

Answer 10

hedonism

Question 11

_____________ was aristotle’s principle that all things are best in moderation

Answer 11

golden mean

Question 12

___________ was aristotles theory that explanations of cause or movement can be categorized into four types.

Answer 12

four causes

Question 13

_______________ is something apart from the focal target that caused the target to change or move.

Answer 13

efficient cause

Question 14

_____________ is the physical material that comprises the focal target.

Answer 14

material cause

Question 15

_______________ is the arrangement of shape or focal target.

Answer 15

formal cause

Question 16

______________ is the aim or purpose being served by the focal target.

Answer 16

final cause

Question 17

____________ is a word refered to emotions

Answer 17

passion

Question 18

____________ is the happiness that results from the attainment of positive emotions and the absence of negative emotions.

Answer 18

hedonic happiness

Question 19

_____________ is the happiness that results from living a life that has meaning and that allows people to develop into the best version of themselves.

Answer 19

eudaemonic happiness

Question 20

_______________ is the idea that the mind is a nonphysical entity that is uniquely different from the body.

Answer 20

mind body dualism

Question 21

____________ is the desire for material wealth and possessions.

Answer 21

materialism

Question 22

_______________ is the idea behavior results from the joint function of ones perceived likelihood the the behavior will be successful and the perceived desirability of the outcome.

Answer 22

expectancy value theory

Question 23

____________ is the philosophical idea that humans are all born without inherent ideas urges or knowledge.

Answer 23

blank slate

Question 24

_________________ is the sacrifice of short term rewards in order to gain long term rewards.

Answer 24

delay of gratification

Question 25

_____________ is the idea that experience is the only way to gain knowledge.

Answer 25

empiricism

Question 26

______________ are emotions that are directly caused by feelings of pleasure and pain

Answer 26

direct passions

Question 27

______________ are emotions that are indirectly caused by beliefs associated with the object that is producing the pleasure or pain

Answer 27

indirect passions

Question 28

_____________ is the idea that the utility of a particular course of actions is determined by how much it maximizes happiness and reduces suffering.

Answer 28

utilitarianism

Question 29

___________ is a mathematical algorithm that computes the utility of a particular course of action.

Answer 29

felicific calculus

Question 30

___________ is the ability of an agent to make choices free from constraints

Answer 30

will

Question 31

____________ is the idea that increasing task difficulty automatically increases the amount of effort an individual will devote to the task

Answer 31

Difficulty law of motivation

Question 32

____________ is the belief that all events are determined by previously existing causes.

Answer 32

determinism

Question 33

____________ us a innate predisposition to approach or avoid a particular outcome.

Answer 33

instinct

Question 34

_____________ is the process whereby the existence or extinction of a species is determined by whether its features promote survival

Answer 34

natural selection

Question 35

______________ is involuntary instantaneous movements that occur in response to a specific stimulus.

Answer 35

reflexes

Question 36

______________ is a form of arousal or energy that arises whenever a biological need is deprived.

Answer 36

drive

Question 37

___________ are objects or events that reduce drive

Answer 37

primary reinforcers

Question 38

____________ is a personality test that assess motivation by asking people to spontaneously write a short story about an ambiguous picture.

Answer 38

Thematic apperception test

Question 39

____________ is a school of thought that asserts scientists can only accurately study what is directly observable.

Answer 39

behaviorism

Question 40

___________ is an external stimuli that motivate an organism to perform a particular behavior.

Answer 40

incentives

Question 41

____________ principle that states of the several responses made in a situation those responses that are closely followed by an incentive will be more associated with that situation than other responses.

Answer 41

thorndikes law of effect

Question 42

____________ is a maze in a organisms mind

Answer 42

cognitive map

Question 43

____________ are motives that guides human behavior.

Answer 43

core human behavior

Question 44

____________ are internal sources of pressure that push a individual to adopt a particular goal.

Answer 44

needs

Question 45

______________ needs based on physiological requirements necessary for survival.

Answer 45

physiological needs

Question 46

______________ the boys system to regulate and stable the internal environment

Answer 46

homeostacis

Question 47

________________ is the assertion that the three core human motives are need for autonomy need for competence and need for belonging.

Answer 47

self determination theory

Question 48

_____________ are variables that reflect the process that connects two other variables of interests.

Answer 48

mediators

Question 49

______________ is performing a behavior because it is inherently interesting or enjoyable.

Answer 49

intrinsic motivation

Question 50

_______________ is a behavior to gain some external reason or reward.

Answer 50

extrinsic behavior

Question 51

____________ is the process whereby individuals transform external social rules and requests into internal personally endorsed values

Answer 51

internalization

Question 52

______________ is the idea that the initial motivation for a behavior may become separated from the actual behavior over time.

Answer 52

functional autonomy of motives

Question 53

_______________ is the process whereby individuals transform external social rules and requests into internal personality endorsed values.

Answer 53

internalization

Question 54

One of the most important features of the human brain is the ability to_________

Answer 54

Anticipate the future

Question 55

Without a prefrontal lobe, humans would live in a permanent____________.

Answer 55

preasent

Question 56

A ____________ is a cognitive representation of a future outcome that the individual is committed to approach or avoid.

Answer 56

goal

Question 57

The underlying processes that provide energy and direction for behavior is called_____________.

Answer 57

motivation

Question 58

In the 3 step process to achieving a goal the third step involves___________.

Answer 58

initiating and persisting goal directed action

Question 59

In platos tripartite theory appetitive desires include ___________.

Answer 59

sex hunger thirst

Question 60

The ___________ were a school of philosophers who believed that emotions are destructive motivational force.

Answer 60

stoics

Question 61

Augustine disagreed with the stoics perception of emotions; Augustine argued that ___________

Answer 61

all emotions are a choice or will

Question 62

Aquinas identified ____________ passions as the lustful passions that reflect basic desires to pursue good things and avoid bad things

Answer 62

concupisible

Question 63

Decartes created the first systematic account of ____________ which states that the mind is a nonphysical entity that is uniquely different from the body.

Answer 63

mind body dualism

Question 64

Mcdougall believed that instincts influence our ___________ by selectively focusing our attention toward particular objects.

Answer 64

cognitions

Question 65

Freud proposed 3 types of drives that motivate behavior.. __________, ____________ and __________

Answer 65

sex drive death drive self preservation drive

Question 66

During the cognitive revolution of the 1970s motivation was often discussed under the term social motivation, which reflected the growing influence of ___________ psychology.

Answer 66

social

Question 67

___________ studied on the nurture side

Answer 67

john locke

Question 68

___________ came up with nature vs nurture

Answer 68

hobbles

Question 69

__________ came up with the partite theory of motivation

Answer 69

Plato

Question 70

What are the 4 types of emotions?

Answer 70

desire, fear pleasure, pain