test 2

Question 1

the desire for freedom personal control and free choice

Answer 1

need for autonomy

Question 2

The tendency for people who are being shocked to exhibit less stress when they think they are in control of the shock even when they are not.

Answer 2

panic button effect

Question 3

A statistical procedure that allows researchers to combine the results of several studies in order to test a single research hypothesis.

Answer 3

meta analysis

Question 4

The assertion that the three core human motives are need for autonomy, need for competence and need for belonging.

Answer 4

self determination theory

Question 5

Primary motives that guide peoples behavior

Answer 5

core human motives

Question 6

The extent that a goal fits with the individuals sense of self.

Answer 6

self concordance

Question 7

Beliefs regarding the cause of behavior or outcome.

Answer 7

attributions

Question 8

The belief that the cause of a behavior resides within the person

Answer 8

internal attribution

Question 9

The belief that the cause of a behavior resides within the situation

Answer 9

external attribution

Question 10

The belief that the cause of a behavior occurs regulary

Answer 10

stable attribution

Question 11

The belief that outcomes in a person life are caused by their own actions and choices.

Answer 11

internal locus of control

Question 12

The belief that outcomes in a persons life are caused by factors outside of their control.

Answer 12

External locus control

Question 13

Performing a behavior because it is inherently interesting or enjoyable

Answer 13

Intrinsic motivation

Question 14

Performing a behavior to gain some external reason or reward.

Answer 14

extrinsic motivation

Question 15

The tendency for people to overestimate the amount of autonomy they have in their lives

Answer 15

Illusion of control

Question 16

Exaggerated self perceptions

Answer 16

positive illusion

Question 17

The tendency for people who are depressed to lack positive illusions and have more accurate positive illusions and have ore accurate self perceptions

Answer 17

depressive realism

Question 18

The belief that one has the ability to influence events at a distance despite no known physical explanation

Answer 18

Magical thinking

Question 19

The belief that engaging in a behavior may result in bad luck or negative outcomes.

Answer 19

tempting fate

Question 20

The tendency for people who feel their freedom is threatened to reassert their autonomy by doing exactly the opposite of what was requested

Answer 20

psychological reactance

Question 21

The tendency for people who have experienced a negative situation in which they had no control to generalize this sense of helplessness to new situations.

Answer 21

Learned helplessness

Question 22

The desire to form and maintain lasting positive interpersonal relationships

Answer 22

need to belong

Question 23

A neurochemical that plays a role in social affiliation and pari bonding

Answer 23

oxytocin

Question 24

The personality trait reflected by a desire to make significant accomplishments holding to higher standard overcoming obstacles and mastering challenges.

Answer 24

Achievement motivation

Question 25

A cognitive representation of a future outcome that an organism is committed to approach or avoid

Answer 25

Goal

Question 26

The belief that traits and abilities are fixed and do not change dramatically over ones lifetime

Answer 26

entity theorists

Question 27

The belief that traits and abilities are malleable and change over time

Answer 27

incremental theorist

Question 28

The subjective state in which people feel completely absorbed and focused on an activity

Answer 28

flow

Question 29

The idea that goals are distinguished by whether they are performance versus learning goals and approach versus avoidance goals

Answer 29

2x2 goal taxonomy

Question 30

The extent that a goal is perceived to the integrated into a persons self concept.

Answer 30

Goal fusion

Question 31

The extent that an event is relevant to ones self esteem

Answer 31

contingencies of self worth

Question 32

Attempts to judge aspects of ones self concept including ones competencies and abilities.

Answer 32

self evaluation

Question 33

The idea that we often only know who we are and what we are capable of by comparing ourselves to others

Answer 33

social comparison theory

Question 34

A task that provides accurate information and reduces uncertainty about ones ability level

Answer 34

diagnostic task

Question 35

The idea that people often choose clothing or wear symbols that represent who the are to those around them

Answer 35

symbolic self completion theory

Question 36

Attempts to enhance the positive aspects and decrease the negative aspects of ones self concept

Answer 36

self enhancement

Question 37

Comparing oneself to those who are better off

Answer 37

upward social comparison

Question 38

The tendency for people to take credit for their successes but deny blame for their failures.

Answer 38

self serving attribution bias

Question 39

The tendency for people to create an external obstacle that blocks their own performance so they can blame the poor outcome on this external cause rather than blaming their self.

Answer 39

self handicapping

Question 40

Attempts to shift attributions for a negative outcome from internal causes to external causes.

Answer 40

excuse making

Question 41

The extent that offers value interacting with an individual and having a relationship with that individual

Answer 41

relational value

Question 42

Attempts to put forth a positive and desirable social impression to to others

Answer 42

self presentation

Question 43

A study design the demonstrates groups are created from the most minimal of connections

Answer 43

minimal group paradigm

Question 44

The preferential treatment toward in group members and hostile or produced treatment toward out group members

Answer 44

in group favoritism

Question 45

The idea that we form groups quickly and display in group favoritism because our groups represent a major source of self esteem

Answer 45

social identity theory

Question 46

The idea that people cope with the fear of their own mortality by promoting and defending the groups and institutions to which they belong

Answer 46

terror management theory

Question 47

The desire to feel similar to others

Answer 47

assimilation

Question 48

The desire to feel uniquely special

Answer 48

differentiation

Question 49

Feelings that occur when people feel they are low in relational value

Answer 49

hurt feelings

Question 50

Peoples capacity to alter their own responses

Answer 50

self regulation

Question 51

The ___________ is defined as the tendency for people who are being shocked to exhibit less stress when they think they are in control of the shock, even if they are not.

Answer 51

Panic Button Effect

Question 52

According to ___________ theory, autonomy is one of the three “core human motives” that drives behavior.

Answer 52

Self-determination

Question 53

Among students, autonomous motivation has been linked to greater conceptual understanding of the course material, greater persistence in academic and sporting activities, better grades, and more creative performances. These findings illustrate how autonomy

Answer 53

Produces positive outcomes

Question 54

People high in ___________ feel like the outcomes in their life are caused by their own actions and choices

Answer 54

Internal locus of control

Question 55

___________ refers to the tendency for people who feel their freedom is threatened to do exactly the opposite of what was requested.

Answer 55

Psychological reactance

Question 56

A number of studies have found that competence is a quality valued

Answer 56

in both Western and Eastern cultures.

Question 57

When people adopt a(n) ________, they view the task as an opportunity to prove, rather than improve, their competence.

Answer 57

Performance Goal

Question 58

________ theorists believe traits and abilities are fixed and do not change dramatically over one’s lifetime.

Answer 58

Entity

Question 59

A subjective state in which people feel completely absorbed and focused on an activity is known as

Answer 59

flow

Question 60

According to ________, people tend to take credit for their successes but deny blame for their failures.

Answer 60

self-serving attributional bias

Question 61

A pervasive drive to form and maintain lasting, positive interpersonal relationships is referred to as the need

Answer 61

To belong

Question 62

Anthropologists consistently find that people in every society on the planet belong to small groups that involve personal, face-to-face interactions, and people benefit from these connections regardless of their culture or country. These findings demonstrate that belonging

Answer 62

Is universal

Question 63

A neurochemical that plays a role in social affiliation and pair bonding among animals and humans is known as

Answer 63

oxytocin

Question 64

The idea that self-esteem acts like a psychological gauge that monitors our relational value and the quality of our relationships is known as ________ theory.

Answer 64

sociometer

Question 65

Once groups are created in experimental settings, people start to show preferential treatment toward those in their group and hostile treatment towards those not in their group. This pattern is called•

Answer 65

in-group favoritism

Question 66

According to ___________, people are more likely to pursue a goal when expectancy and value are high and less likely when they are low.

Answer 66

Expectancy-Value Theory

Question 67

Goal ___________ refers to how precisely someone defines a goal.

Answer 67

specificity

Question 68

Thought to reside in the left side of the frontal lobe, the ___________ system regulates an organism’s sensitivity to rewards.

Answer 68

Behavioral activation

Question 69

In the ___________ phase, individuals engage in goal-directed behaviors

Answer 69

Actional

Question 70

Goal ___________ occurs whenever we have two competing or mutually exclusive goals.

Answer 70

Conflict