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Kinesiology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Three components of Kinesiology

A

Neuromuscular physiology, musculoskeletal anatomy, biomechanics

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2
Q

Two parts of OT practice framework

A

Domain and Process

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3
Q

Domain of OT

A

Areas of concern - client factors (beliefs), performance skills (motor skills), performance patterns (habits), context (environment)

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4
Q

Process of OT

A

Steps of therapy process - evaluation, intervention, targeting of outcomes

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5
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides body into left and right, movement around X axis; seen from the side, flexion and extension (Sax)

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6
Q

Frontal plane

A

Divides body into front and back, movement around Z axis, seen from the front, lateral flexion and ab/ad (Froz)

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7
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides body into top and bottom, movement around Y axis, seen from the top, pro/supi and int/ext rotation (Thy)

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8
Q

Joint types

A

Synovial and non-synovial

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9
Q

Synovial

A

Bones connected by joint capsule. All have hyaline, joint cavity, synovial fluid, synovial mem.

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10
Q

Non-synovial

A

No joint cavity, bones directly united by conn tissue, little motion. Classified as fibrous or cartilaginous

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11
Q

Three types of non-synovial fibrous joints

A

Synarthrosis (skull), syndesmosis (tibiofibular gap), gomphosis (peg in socket, tooth)

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12
Q

Non-synovial cartilaginous joints

A

Formed by fibrocartilage and/or hyaline (first sternocostal joint)

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13
Q

Uniaxial synovial joint

A

1 degree freedom, such as hinge (concave/convex, elbow) or pivot (one component rotates around other rotates within, atlantoaxial joint

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14
Q

Biaxial synovial joint

A

2 degree, such as condyloid (oval/concave, metacarpals) and saddle (both bones convex in one plane and concave in other, CMC joint of thumb)

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15
Q

Triaxial synovial joint

A

Ball and socket (glenohumeral) and plane joint (sternoclavicular joint)

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16
Q

Origin vs insertion

A

Origin is usually proximal, insertion distal

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17
Q

Two types of Parallel muscles

A

Strap and fusiform

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18
Q

Four types of penniform muscles

A

Unipennate (central tendon fans out, posterior tibialis), bipennate (fan both sides of tendon, quadriceps), multipennate (forms three fans, deltoid), fan shaped (common tendon, pecs).

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19
Q

Excursion

A

Distance from max length to max shortening

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20
Q

Any muscle can be shortened to strictly ___% its resting length and stretched to ~ ___% its resting length and optimal range for contraction is ___x its resting length

A

50 and 150 and 1.2

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21
Q

Active Insufficiency

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A

Muscle cannot shorten any farther, occurs in agonist

22
Q

Passive insufficiency

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A

Muscle cannot lengthen any farther, occurs in antagonist

23
Q

Tenodesis grasp

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A

Functional use of passive insufficiency

24
Q

Co-contraction

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A

Agonist and antagonist are working simultaneously

25
Two types of muscle contraction
Isotonic (concentric and eccentric) and isometric
26
Isotonic contractions
Muscle length and joint angle changes; concentric (muscles shorten and attachments move toward each other, against gravity or faster than gravity like hammering) and eccentric (muscle lengthens and attachments are separating, slower than gravity)
27
All movements are ___ unless movement is ___ and ___
concentric, same direction (joint movement and external force are in same direction), slow
28
Isometric co-contraction vs isometric contraction
unstable but precise vs stable and highly resistive
29
Fixator/ stabilizer
Synergists that stop unwanted movement at fixed end of movement, works in same plane as desired muscle action
30
Neutralizer
Synergists that stop unwarned movement at mobile end of movement, works in different plane than agonist
31
Support muscle
Synergists that do not work directly at site of agonist, such as erectors that stabilize body while laterally picking up something heavy with one arm
32
Two divisions of biomechanics
Kinematics (motion in distance, direction, and time) and kinetics (forces)
33
Translation
Linear movement in same time, direction, and same distance; can be rectilinear (straight line) or curvilinear
34
Rotation
Angular movement in same time, same direction, different distance, such as flexion/ extension of elbow; most movement is rotary in body
35
Arthrokinematic motion
Roll, spin, and glide
36
Roll and slide mechanics perspectives
Concave segment perspective: rolling and sliding happen in same direction; convex segment perspective: rolling and sliding happen in opposite directions
37
Open vs closed chain
Open is fixed proximal, closed is fixed distal
38
Center of gravity
Balance point of body where torque is equal on all sides, on segments it is about 45% of the length from proximal to distal
39
Three types of forces
Compression, rotation, or distraction; external or internal
40
Force vectors
When calculating effects of force on a joint, use angle between segment and line of pull, not joint angle.
41
If force vector angle is less than 90 deg, there is ___ force on joint; if more than 90 then ___ force; if exactly 90 then ___ force
Compressive, distraction, rotational
42
Linear force systems
Two or more forces act upon object in same line at roughly same point of application
43
Parallel force systems
Two ore more parallel forces act upon same object in same plane at same or opposite direction, never converging, like front points of a back brace
44
Force Couple
Two or more forces act with neutralizing force in different directions resulting in turning effect, like steering wheel
45
Concurrent force systems
Two or more forces act at common point of application but in divergent directions, like multiple muscles pulling a lever and lever moves between them
46
Torque
The ability of a force to cause rotation of lever, it is not a force itself but is the result of force being applied to a point that is able to rotate around an axis; = force * moment arm
47
Moment arm
Perpendicular distance from line of pull to axis of rotation
48
Four components of lever
Rigid bar, effort force, axis of rotation, resistance force
49
Lever Classes
1st: EAR, seesaw 2nd: ARE, wheelbarrow 3rd: AER, tweezers
50
Mechanical advantage
Ratio b/w effort arm and resistance arm; = EA/RA; >1 is good like 2nd class.
51
A __ arm changes but a ___ arm never changes
Moment, effort

Kinesiology (3 decks)

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