Test 1 Flashcards
(345 cards)
1
Q
MI
A
Myocardial Infarction
2
Q
CHF
A
Congestive Heart Failure
3
Q
MUGA
A
Multiple-Gated acquisition (scan)
4
Q
CTA
A
Computed Tomographic Angiography
5
Q
TEE
A
Transesophageal Echocardiogram
6
Q
PTCA
A
Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
7
Q
CABG
A
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
8
Q
ICD
A
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
9
Q
myocardium
A
Cardiac muscle (heart muscle) is a type of involuntary striated muscle found in the walls and histological foundation of the heart, specifically the myocardium.
10
Q
endocardium
A
innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart. Its cells are embryologically and biologically similar to the endothelial cells
11
Q
Cardiomyopathy
A
(literally “heart muscle disease”) is the measurable deterioration of the function of the myocardium (the heart muscle) for any reason
12
Q
Endarterectomy
A
Surgical procedure to remove the atheromatous plaque material, or blockage, in the lining of an artery constricted by the buildup of
13
Q
Anastomosis
A
reconnection of two streams that previously branched out
An anastomosis is a surgical connection between two structures. It usually means a connection that is created between tubular structures, such as blood vessels
14
Q
Embolus
A
a Clot in blood stream that obstructs flow when it lodges
15
Q
Heart Murmur
A
abnormal sound from heart due to defects in chambers or valves
16
Q
Infarct
A
a localized area of necrosis caused by ischemia resulting from occlusion of a blood vessel
17
Q
Ischemia (perfusion deficit)
A
decreased blood flow to tissue b/c of an occlusion;
18
Q
occlusion
A
an obstruction or closing off; plugging
19
Q
palpitation
A
subjective experience of pounding, skipping or racing heartbeats
20
Q
stenosis
A
condition of a narrowing part
21
Q
thrombus
A
a stationary blood clot
22
Q
vegetation
A
to grow; an abnormal growth of tissue around a valve, generally as a result of infection
23
Q
aneurysm
A
a widening; a bulging of the wall of the heart, aorta, or artery caused by a congenital defect or acquired weakness
24
Q
saccular aneurism
A
a sac-like bulge on one side
25
fusiform aneurysm
a spindle-shaped bulge
26
dissecting aneurysm
a split or tear of the vessel wall
27
angina pectoris
chest pain caused by a temporary loss of oxygenated blood to heart muscle; often caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries (angina = to choke)
28
arteriosclerosis
thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of arterial walls
29
atherosclerosis
a form of arteriosclerosis characterized by the buildup of fatty substances that harden within the arterial walls
30
atheromatous plaque
a swollen area within the lining of an artery caused by the buildup of fat (lipids)
31
claudication
to limp; pain in a limb (esp. the calf) while walking that subsides after rest; caused by inadequate blood supply.
32
constriction
compression of a part that causes narrowing (stenosis)
33
diaphoresis
profuse sweating
34
angi/o
vessel
35
vas/o
vessel
36
vascul/o
vessel
37
aort/o
aorta
38
arteri/o
artery
39
ather/o
fatty (lipid) paste
40
atri/o
atrium
41
cardi/o
heart
42
coron/o
circle or crown
43
my/o
muscle
44
pector/o
chest
45
steth/o
chest
46
sphygm/o
pulse
47
thromb/o
clot
48
ven/o
vein
49
phleb/o
vein
50
varic/o
swollen, twisted vein
51
ventricul/o
ventricle (belly or pouch)
52
closed fracture
broken bone with no open wound
53
open fracture (compound fracture)
broken bone with an open wound
54
simple fracture
nondisplaced fracture with one fracture line that does not require extensive treatment to repair (e.g. hairline fracture, stress fracture, or a crack)
55
complex fracture
displaced fracture that requires manipulation or surgery to repair
56
fracture line
the line of the break in a broken bone (oblique, spiral or transverse)
57
comminuted fracture
broken in many small pieces
58
greenstick fracture
bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in kids
59
herniated disk
protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root
60
myeloma
bone marrow tumor
61
myositis
inflamation of muscle
62
myoma
muscle tumor
63
leiomyoma
smooth muscle tumor
64
leimyosarcoma
malignant smooth muscle tumor
65
rhabdomyosarcoma
malignant skeletal muscle tumor
66
muscular dystrophy
a category of genetically transmitted diseases charachterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles; Duchenne type is most common.
67
osteoma
bone tumor
68
osteosarcoma
type of malignant bone tumor
69
osteomalacia
disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency
70
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa
71
chondromalacia
softening of cartilage
72
epiphysitis
inflammation of the epiphyseal regions of the long bone
73
Osteoarthritis (OA)
Degenerative Arthritis
Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD)
most common form of arthritis, especially affecting the weight-bearing joints. Characterized by the erosion of articular cartilage.
74
Rheumatoid Arthritis
most crippling form of arthritis. Chronic systemic inflammation, most often affecting joints and synovial membranes (especially in the hands and feet) and causing ankylosis and deformity
75
gouty arthritis
acute attacks usually in a single joint (esp. the great toe) caused by hyperuricemia (an excessive level of uric acid in the blood)
76
bony necrosis (sequestrum)
bone tissue that has died from loss of blood supply, such as can occur after a fracture (sequestrum = something laid aside)
77
bunion
swelling of the joint at the base of the great toe caused by inflammation of the bursa
78
ankylosis
stiff joint condition
79
arthritis
inflammation of the joints characterized by pain, swelling redness warmth and limitation of motion (more than 100 types)
80
arthralgia
joint pain
81
atrophy
shrinking of muscle size
82
crepitation (crepitus)
grating sound sometimes made by the movement of a joint or broken bones
83
exostosis
a projection arising from bone that develops from cartilage
84
flaccid
flabby, relaxed, or having defective or absent muscle tone
85
hypertrophy
increase in the size of tissue such as muscle
86
hypotonia
reduced muscle tone or tension
87
myalgia (myodynia)
muscle pain
88
ostealgia (osteodynia)
bone pain
89
rigor (rigidity)
stiffness; stiff muscle
90
spasm
drawing in; involuntary contraction of muscle
91
spastic
uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles, causing stiff and awkward movements (resembles spasm)
92
tetany
tension; prolonged, continuous muscle contraction
93
tremor
shaking; rhythmic muscular movement
94
cephalic
superior, situated above another structure
95
caudal
inferior, situated below another structure or away from head
96
axis
imaginary line that runs through the center of the body or a body part
97
erect
normal standing position
98
decubitus
lying down, especially in bed; lateral decubitus is lying on the side (decumbo=to lie down)
99
recumbent
lying down
100
supine
horizontal recumbent; lying flat on back
101
ankyl/o
crooked or stiff
102
arthr/o
joint
103
articul/o
joint
104
brachi/o
arm
105
cervic/o
neck
106
chondr/o
cartilage (gristle)
107
cost/o
rib
108
crani/o
skull
109
dactyl/o
digit (finger or toe)
110
fasci/o
fascia (a band)
111
femor/o
femur
112
fibr/o
fiber
113
kyph/o
humped-back
114
lei/o
smooth
115
lord/o
bent
116
lumb/o
loin (lower back)
117
my/o, myos/o, muscul/o
muscle
118
myel/o
bone marrow or spinal cord
119
oste/o
bone
120
patell/o
knee cap
121
pelv/i
pelvis (basin) or hip bone
122
radi/o
radius
123
rhabd/o
rod-shapped or striated (skeletal)
124
sarc/o
flesh
125
scoli/o
twisted
126
spondyl/o, vertebr/o
vertebra
127
stern/o
sternum
128
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
tendon (to stretch)
129
thorac/o
chest
130
ton/o
tone or tension
131
uln/o
ulna
132
epithelium
layers of cells that line hollow organs and glands
133
epidermis
outermost layers of cells in the skin
134
Squamous Cell Layer
The squamous cell layer is located above the basal layer, and is also known as the stratum spinosum or "spiny layer" due to the fact that the cells are held together with spiny projections. Within this layer are the basal cells that have been pushed upward, however these maturing cells are now called squamous cells, or keratinocytes. Keratinocytes produce keratin, a tough, protective protein that makes up the majority of the structure of the skin, hair, and nails.
The squamous cell layer is the thickest layer of the epidermis, and is involved in the transfer of certain substances in and out of the body. The squamous cell layer also contains cells called Langerhans cells. These cells attach themselves to antigens that invade damaged skin and alert the immune system to their presence.
135
Basal Layer
The basal layer is the innermost layer of the epidermis, and contains small round cells called basal cells. The basal cells continually divide, and new cells constantly push older ones up toward the surface of the skin, where they are eventually shed. The basal cell layer is also known as the stratum germinativum due to the fact that it is constantly germinating (producing) new cells.
Illustration of the layers of the skin
The basal cell layer contains cells called melanocytes. Melanocytes produce the skin coloring or pigment known as melanin, which gives skin its tan or brown color and helps protect the deeper layers of the skin from the harmful effects of the sun. Sun exposure causes melanocytes to increase production of melanin in order to protect the skin from damaging ultraviolet rays, producing a suntan. Patches of melanin in the skin cause birthmarks, freckles and age spots. Melanoma develops when melanocytes undergo malignant transformation.
Merkel cells, which are tactile cells of neuroectodermal origin, are also located in the basal layer of the epidermis.
136
Melanocyte
melanin-producing cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye (the uvea),[1] the inner ear,[2] meninges,[3] bones,[4] and heart.[5] Melanin is the pigment primarily responsible for skin color.
137
Dermis
The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the cutis) and subcutaneous tissues, that consists of connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain.
138
sebaceous gland
The sebaceous glands are microscopic glands in the skin that secrete an oily/waxy matter, called sebum, to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair
139
sudoriferous gland
small tubular structures of the skin that produce sweat.
140
anhidrosis
a deficiency or absence of perspiration
141
ecchymosis
a subcutaneous purpura larger than 1 centimeter or a hematoma, commonly, but erroneously, called a bruise
142
nevus
sharply circumscribed and chronic lesions of the skin. These lesions are commonly named birthmarks.
143
verruca
a wart
144
erythema
Erythema is a skin condition characterized by redness or rash
145
pruritis
itching
146
suppuration
the formation or discharge of pus
147
urticaria
hives
148
xeroderma
a condition involving the integumentary system, which in most cases can safely be treated with emollients and/or moisturizers. Xeroderma occurs most commonly on the scalp, lower legs, arms, the knuckles, the sides of the abdomen and thighs. Symptoms most associated with xeroderma are scaling (the visible peeling of the outer skin layer), itching and skin cracking.
149
dermatitis
skin inflamation
150
1st degree burn
a burn that affects the epidermis only, causing erythema without blistering
151
2nd degree burn
a burn that affects the epidermis and the dermis, classified as superficial (involving the epidermis and the papillary dermis) or deep (extending into the reticular dermis). Called also partial thickness b.
152
3rd degree burn
a burn that destroys both the epidermis and the dermis, often also involving the subcutaneous tissue. Called also full-thickness b.
153
gangrene
Gangrene is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that arises when a considerable mass of body tissue dies (necrosis)
154
HSV-1, HSV-2
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2
155
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency virus
156
Herpes Zoster
shingles, zona
157
Systemic Lupus Erythematousus
Systemic lupus erythematosus Listeni/sɪˈstɛmɪk ˈluːpəs ˌɛrɪθiːməˈtoʊsəs/, often abbreviated to SLE or lupus, is a systemic autoimmune disease (or autoimmune connective tissue disease) that can affect any part of the body. As occurs in other autoimmune diseases, the immune system attacks the body's cells and tissue, resulting in inflammation and tissue damage.[1] It is a Type III hypersensitivity reaction in which antibody-immune complexes precipitate and cause a further immune response.
158
SCC Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells arising in the squamous cells, which compose most of the skin’s upper layers (the epidermis). SCCs often look like scaly red patches, open sores, elevated growths with a central depression, or warts; they may crust or bleed.
159
BCC Basal Cell Carcinoma
Basal-cell carcinoma (BCC), a skin cancer, is the most common cancer.[1] It rarely metastasizes or kills. However, because it can cause significant destruction and disfigurement by invading surrounding tissues, it is still considered malignant.[2][3]
160
malignant melanoma
Melanocytes produce the dark pigment, melanin, which is responsible for the color of skin. These cells predominantly occur in skin, but are also found in other parts of the body, including the bowel and the eye (see uveal melanoma). Melanoma can originate in any part of the body that contains melanocytes.
161
seborrhea
an inflammatory[2] skin disorder affecting the scalp, face, and torso. Typically, seborrheic dermatitis presents with scaly, flaky, itchy, and red skin. It particularly affects the sebaceous-gland-rich areas of skin. In adolescents and adults, seborrhoeic dermatitis usually presents as scalp scaling similar to dandruff or as mild to marked erythema of the nasolabial fold.
162
tinea
ringworm/athletes foot
163
Bx
Biopsy
164
electrocautery
an apparatus for surgical dissection and hemostasis, using heat generated by a high-voltage, high-frequency
165
autograft
A patient's own tissue - an autograft – can often be used for a surgical reconstruction procedure. Autograft tissue is the safest and fastest-healing tissue
166
allograft
a graft between individuals of the same species, but of different genotypes.
167
xenograft
a graft of tissue transplanted between animals of different species;
168
debridement
medical removal of dead, damaged, or infected tissue
169
curettage
is the use of a curette (French, meaning scoop) to remove tissue by scraping or scooping
170
I & D
Incision and Drainage
171
chemotherapy
Chemotherapy (often abbreviated to chemo) is the treatment of cancer with one or more cytotoxic antineoplastic drugs ("chemotherapeutic agents") as part of a standardized regimen. Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent or it may aim to prolong life or to palliate symptoms
172
anesthetic
An anesthetic (American English) (or anaesthetic, (Commonwealth English) see spelling differences) is a drug that causes anesthesia—reversible loss of sensation.
173
antibiotic
An antibacterial is an agent that inhibits bacterial growth or kills bacteria.
174
antifungal
agent that kills fungus
175
antihistamine
A histamine antagonist (commonly called an antihistamine) is a pharmaceutical drug that inhibits the action of histamine by either blocking its attachment to histamine receptors, or inhibiting the enzymatic activity of histidine decarboxylase; catalyzing the transformation of histidine into histamine (atypical antihistaminics). It is commonly used for the relief of allergies caused by intolerance of proteins.[1]
176
antipruritic
anti itch drugs
177
adip/o, lip/o
fat
178
steat/o
fat
179
derm/o, dermat/o, cutane/o
skin
180
erythr/o
red
181
hidr/o
sweat
182
hist/o, histi/o
tissue
183
kerat/o
hard
184
leuk/o
white
185
melan/o
black
186
myc/o
fungus
187
onych/o
nail
188
plas/o
formation
189
purpur/o
purple
190
scler/o
hard
191
seb/o
sebum (oil)
192
squam/o
scale
193
trich/o
hair
194
xanth/o
yellow
195
xer/o
dry
196
C & S
culture and sensitivity
197
FS
frozen section
198
AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
199
SLE
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
200
SCC
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
201
BCC
Basal Cell Carcinoma
202
A
assessment
203
a with a little line over it
before
204
a.c.
before meals
205
AD
Right Ear
206
ad lib.
as desired
207
a.m.
before noon
208
amt
amount
209
aq
water
210
AS
Left Ear
211
AU
Both Ears
212
A & W
alive and well
213
B with circle around it
Bilateral
214
b.i.d.
twice a day
215
BP
blood pressure
216
BRP
Bathroom Privileges
217
C
Celcius, centigrade
218
c with a line over it
with
219
cap
capsule
220
CAT
Computer Axial Tomography
221
CBC
complete blood count
222
CC
Cheif Complaint
223
cc
Cubic Centimeter
224
CCU
Coronary (cardiac) Care Unit
225
cm
centimeter
226
c/o
complains of
227
CP
Chest Pain
228
CT
Computer Tomography
229
cu mm or mm^3
cubic millimeter
230
d
day
231
DC or D/C
discharge; discontinue
232
dr
dram
233
Dx
Diagnosis
234
ECU
Emergency Care Unit
235
ER
Emergency Room
236
ETOH
ethyl alcohol
237
F
Farenheit
238
FH
Family HIstory
239
fl oz
fluid ounce
240
g or gm
gram
241
gr
grain
242
gt
drop
243
gtt
drops
244
h
hour
245
HEENT
head, eyes, ears, nose and throat
246
H & P
history and physical
247
HPI
History of Present Illness
248
h.s.
hour of sleep (bedtime)
249
Ht
height
250
Hx
History
251
ICU
Intensive Care Unit
252
ID
Intradermal
253
IM
intramuscular
254
IMP
impression
255
IP
inpatient
256
IV
intravenous
257
JCAHO
Joint Commission in Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
258
Kg
Kilogram
259
L
Liter
260
L with a circle around it
Left
261
lb
pound
262
L & W
living and well
263
m with a circle around it
murmur
264
mg
milligram
265
mL or ml
milliliter
266
mm
millimeter
267
MRA
Magnetic Resonance Angiography
268
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
269
NAD
no acute distress
270
NKA
no known allergies
271
NKDA
no known drug allergies
272
noc.
night
273
NPO
nothing by mouth
274
O
objective information
275
OD
right eye
276
OH
occupational history
277
OP
outpatient
278
OR
operating room
279
OS
left eye
280
OU
both eyes
281
oz
ounce
282
P
plan; pulse
283
p with a line over it
after
284
PACU
postanesthetic care unit
285
p.c.
after meals
286
PE
physical examination
287
per
by or through
288
PERRLA
pupils equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation
289
PH
Past HIstory
290
PI
Present Illness
291
p.m.
after noon
292
PMH
past medical history
293
p.o.
by mouth
294
post-op or postop
after surgery
295
PR
through rectum
296
pre-op preop
preoperative (before surgery)
297
p.r.n.
as needed
298
pt
patient
299
PV
through Vagina
300
Px
physical
301
q
every
302
q.d.
every day
303
qh
every hour
304
q2h
every 2 hours
305
q.i.d.
4 times per day
306
q.o.d.
every other day
307
qt
quart
308
R
respiration
309
R with a circle around it
right
310
R/O
rule out
311
ROS
review of symptoms
312
RRR
regular rate and rythm
313
RTC
return to clinic
314
RTO
return to office
315
Rx
recipe; prescription
316
S
Subjective Information
317
s with a line on top
without
318
SC, SQ or sub-Q
subcutaneous
319
SH
Social History
320
Sig
label; instruction to the patient
321
SOB
shortness of breath
322
SR
systems review
323
ss with a line on top
1/2
324
STAT
immediately
325
suppos
suppository
326
Sx
symptom
327
T
temperature
328
tab
tablet
329
t.i.d.
three times per day
330
Tr
treatment
331
Tx
Treatment; TRACTION
332
UA
urinalysis
333
UCHD
usual childhood diseases
334
US or U/S
ultrasound
335
VS
vital signs
336
wa
while awake
337
WDWN
well-developed and well-nourished
338
wk
week
339
WNL
within normal limits
340
Wt
weight
341
x
times or for
342
x-ray or XR
radiology
343
CXR
chest x-ray
344
y/o or y.o.
year old
345
yr
year
