Test 2 Flashcards
(297 cards)
1
Q
Blast/o
A
germ or bud
2
Q
Chrom/o
A
color
3
Q
Chromat/o
A
Color
4
Q
Chyl/o
A
Juice
5
Q
Cyt/o
A
Cell
6
Q
Hem/o
A
blood
7
Q
Hemat/o
A
Blood
8
Q
Immun/o
A
safe
9
Q
Lymph/o
A
clear fluid
10
Q
Morph/o
A
form
11
Q
myel/o
A
bone marrow or spinal cord
12
Q
phag/o
A
eat or swallow
13
Q
plas/o
A
formation
14
Q
reticul/o
A
a net
15
Q
splen/o
A
spleen
16
Q
thromb/o
A
clot
17
Q
thym/o
A
thymus gland
18
Q
erythrocyte
A
red blood cell; transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
19
Q
hemoglobin
A
the protein-iron compound in erythrocytes that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
20
Q
leukocyte
A
white blood cell; protects the body from harmful invading substances
21
Q
erythropenia
A
an abnormally reduced number of red blood cells
22
Q
lymphocytopenia
A
an abnormally reduced number of lymphocytes
23
Q
neutropenia
A
a decreased number of neutrophils
24
Q
thrombocytopenia
A
an abnormally decreased number of platelets in the blood impairing the clotting process
25
polycythemia
increased number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood
26
lymphadenopathy
enlarged (diseased) lymph nodes
27
splenomegaly
enlargement of the spleen
28
anemia
a condition of reduced # of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or packed red cells in the blood, resulting in a diminished ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen to the tissues
29
leukemia
chronic or acute malignant (cancerous) disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by abnormal leukocytes in the blood and bone marrow
30
myelodysplasia
disorder within the bone marrow characterized by a proliferation of abnormal stem cells (cells that give rise to different types of blood cells); usually develops into a specific type of leukemia
31
lymphoma
any neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue, usually malignant, as in Hodgkin's Disease
32
metastasis
process by which cancer cells are spread by blood or lymph circulation to a distant organ; the pleural form, metastases, indicates spreading to 2 or more distant sites
33
septicemia
systemic disease caused by infection with microorganisms and their toxins in circulating blood
34
phlebotomy
incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing
35
venipuncture
incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing
36
PTT
Partial Thromboplastin TIme - test to determine coagulation defects, such as platelet disorders
37
PT
Prothrombin time - test to measure activity of prothrombin in the blood
38
prothrombin
protein substance in the blood that is essential to the clotting process
39
Hgb
Hemoglobin -a test to determine the blood level of hemoglobin (expressed in grams)
40
HCT
Hematocrit - a measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells in a given volume of blood
41
ESR
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate - timed test that measures the rate at which red blood cells settle through a volume of plasma
42
splenectomy
removal of the spleen
43
Lymphadenectomy
removal of a lymph node
44
Plasmapheresis
removal of plasma from the body with separation and extraction of specific elements (e.g. platelets) followed by reinfusion (apheresis = a withdrawal)
45
AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
46
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
47
BUN
Blood Urea Nitrogen
48
CBC
Complete Blood Count
49
CMP
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel
50
RBC
Red Blood Cell; Red Blood Count
51
WBC
White Blood Cell; White Blood Count
52
alveol/o
alveolus (air sac)
53
bronch/o
bronchus (airway)
54
bronchi/o
bronchus (airway)
55
bronchiol/o
bronchiole (little airway)
56
capn/o
carbon dioxide
57
carb/o
carbon dioxide
58
laryng/o
larynx (voice box)
59
lob/o
lobe (a portion)
60
nas/o
nose
61
rhin/o
nose
62
or/o
mouth
63
ox/o
oxygen
64
palat/o
palate
65
pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
66
phren/o
diaphragm or mind
67
pleur/o
pleura (lining of lungs)
68
pneum/o
air or lung
69
pneumon/o
air or lung
70
pulmon/o
lung
71
sinus/o
sinus (cavity)
72
spir/o
breathing
73
~pnea
breathing
74
thorac/o
chest
75
pector/o
chest
76
steth/o
chest
77
tonsill/o
tonsil
78
trache/o
trachea (windpipe)
79
uvul/o
uvula
80
Larynx
voice box; passageway for air moving from the pharynx to the trachea; containing the vocal cords
81
Nasopharynx
part of the pharynx directly behind the nasal passages
82
oropharynx
Central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis
83
laryngopharynx
lower part of the pharynx, just below the oropharyngeal opening into the larynx and esophagus
84
diaphragm
muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and that moves upward and downward to aid in respiration
85
mediasteinum
partition that separates the thorax into 2 compartments (containing the right and left lungs) and that encloses the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland
86
parenchyma
functional tissues of any organ, such as the tissues of the bronchioles, alveoli, ducts, and sacs, that perform respiration
87
eupnea
normal breathing
88
bradypnea
slow breathing
89
tachypnea
fast breathing
90
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
91
apnea
inability to breathe
92
orthopnea
ability to breathe only in an upright position
93
dysphonia
hoarseness (phon/o = voice or sound)
94
hemoptysis
coughing up and spitting out blood that originates in the lungs (ptysis = to spit)
95
hypercapnia (hypercarbia)
excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood (capno = smoke; carbo=coal)
96
hypoxemia
deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
97
hypoxia
deficient amount of oxygen in tissue cells
98
obstructive lung disease
condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs
99
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema
100
atelectasis
collapse of lung tissue (alveoli) (atele = imperfect; -ectasis = expansion or dialation)
101
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
102
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
103
pleural effusion
accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity
104
pneumothorax
air in the pleural cavity
105
hemothorax
blood in the pleural cavity
106
pneumonia
inflammation in the lung resulting from infection by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites or from aspiration of chemicals
107
PE
Pulmonary embolism - occlusion in the pulmonary circulation, most often caused by a blood clot
108
endoscopy
examination inside a body cavity with a flexible endoscope for diagnostic or treatment purposes
109
bronchoscopy
use of a flexible endoscope, called a bronchoscope, to examine the airways
110
pulse oximetry
noninvasive method of estimating the percentage of oxygen saturation in the blood using an oximeter with a specialized probe attached to the skin at a site of arterial pulsation, commonly the finger, used to monitor hypoxemia
111
pneumonectomy
removal of an entire lung
112
thoracentesis
puncture for aspiration of the chest (pleural cavity)
113
thoracotomy
incision into the chest
114
tracheostomy
creation of an opening in the trachea, usually to insert a tube
115
ABG
Arterial Blood Gas
116
AP
Anterior-Posterior
117
CPR
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
118
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
119
CT
Computed Tomography
120
CXR
chest x-ray
121
PA
Posterior-Anterior
122
PE
pulmonary embolism
123
PFT
pulmonary functioning testing
124
TB
tuberculosis
125
URI
upper respiratory infection
126
VC
vital capacity
127
VQ or V/Q
ventilation-perfusion (scan)
128
cerebr/o
cerebrum (largest part of brain)
129
Cerebell/o
Cerebellum (little brain)
130
craini/o
skull
131
encephal/o
entire brain
132
esthesi/o
sensation
133
gangli/o
ganglion (knot)
134
gli/o
glue
135
gnos/o
knowing
136
kinesi/o
movement
137
lex/o
word or phrase
138
mening/o
meninges (membrane)
139
meningi/o
meninges (membrane)
140
myel/o
spinal cord or bone marrow
141
narc/o
stupor or sleep
142
neur/o
nerve
143
phas/o
speech
144
phob/o
exaggerated fear or sensitivity
145
phor/o
carry or bear
146
phren/o
mind
147
psych/o
mind
148
thym/o
mind
149
schiz/o
split
150
somat/o
body
151
somn/o
sleep
152
somn/i
sleep
153
hypn/o
sleep
154
spin/o
spine (thorn)
155
spondyl/o
vertebra
156
vertebr/o
vertebra
157
stere/o
three-dimensional or solid
158
tax/o
order or coordination
159
thalm/o
thalmus (a room)
160
ton/o
tone or tension
161
top/o
place
162
ventricul/o
ventricle (belly or pouch)
163
cata-
down
164
-asthenia
weakness
165
-lepsy
seizure
166
-mania
condition of abnormal impulse toward
167
-paresis
slight paralysis
168
-plegia
paralysis
169
aphasia (dysphasia)
impairment because of localized brain injury that affects the understanding, retrieving, and formulating of meaningful and sequential elements of language, as demonstrated by an inability to use or comprehend words; occurs as a result of a stroke, head trauma, or disease
170
Dementia
an impairment of intellectual function characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and confusion (dementi = to be mad)
171
Neuralgia
pain along the course of a nerve
172
paralysis
temporary or permanent loss of motor control
173
flaccid paralysis
defective (flabby) or absent muscle control caused by a nerve lesion
174
spastic paralysis
stiff and awkward muscle control caused by a central nervous system disorder
175
hemiparesis
partial paralysis of the right or left half of the body
176
sciatica
pain that follows the pathway of the sciatic nerve, caused by compression or trauma of the nerve or its roots
177
hyperesthesia
increased sensitivity to stimulation such as touch or pain
178
paresthesia
abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling without objective cause
179
agnosia
any of many types of loss of neurologic function involving interpretation of sensory information
180
asterognosis
inability to judge the form of an object by touch (e.g. a coin from a key)
181
CVA
Cerebrovascular Accident - damage to the brain caused by cerebrovascular disease, such as occlusion of a blood vessel by a thrombus or embolus (ischemic stroke) or intracranial hemorrhage after rupture of an aneurysm (hemorrhagic stroke)
182
TIA
Transient Ischemic Attack - brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain, usually caused by a partial occlusion that results in temporary neurologic deficit (impairment); often precedes a CVA
183
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
184
epilepsy
disorder affecting the central nervous system; characterized by recurren seizures
185
glioma
tumor of glial cells graded according to degree of malignancy
186
hydrocephalus
abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain as a result of developmental anomalies, infection, injury, or tumor
187
meningioma
benign tumor of the coverings of the brain (the meninges)
188
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges
189
spina bifida
defect in development of the spinal column characterized by the absence of vertebral arches, often resulting in pouching of the meninges (meningocele) or of the meninges and spinal cord (meningomyelocele); considered to be the most common neural tube defect (spina = spine; bifida = split into two parts)
190
plegia
paralysis
191
hemiplegia
paralysis on one side of the body
192
paraplegia
paralysis from the waist down
193
quadriplegia
paralysis of all 4 limbs
194
SPECT
Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography brain scan - scan combining nuclear medicine and computed tomography to produce images of the brain after the administration of radioactive isotopes
195
PET
Positron-Emission Tomography - technique combining nuclear medicine and computed tomography to produce images of brain anatomy and corresponding physiology; used to study stroke, Alzheimer disease, epilepsy, metabolic brain disorders, chemistry of nerve transmissions in the brain, and so on; provides greater accuracy than SPECT, but is used less often because of the cost and the limited availability of the radioisotopes
196
crainiotomy
incision into the skull to approach the brain
197
discectomy
removal of a herniated disk; often done percutaneously (per = through; cutaneous = skin)
198
laminectomy
excision of one or more laminae of the vertebrae to approach the spinal cord
199
spondylosyndesis
spinal fusion
200
analgesic
agent that relieves pain
201
hypnotic
agent that induces sleep
202
dysphoria
a restless, dissatisfied mood
203
mania
state of abnormal elation and increased activity
204
neurosis
a psychological condition in which anxiety is prominent
205
psychosis
a mental condition characterized by distortion of reality resulting in the inability to communicate or function within one's environment
206
hypochondriasis
a preoccupation with thoughts of disease and concern that one is suffering from a serious condition that persists despite medical reassurance to the contrary
207
neuroleptic agent
drug used to treat psychosis, especially schizophrenia
208
ALS
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
209
ADHD
Attention-Deficit/hyperactivity disorder
210
CP
Cerebral Palsy
211
CSF
CerebroSpinal Fluid
212
DTR
Deep Tendon Reflexes
213
ECT
ElectroConvulsive Therapy
214
EEG
ElectroEncephaloGram
215
GAD
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
216
LP
Lumbar Puncture
217
MS
Multiple Sclerosis
218
NCV
Nerve Conduction Velocity
219
OCD
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
220
aden/o
gland
221
adren/o
adrenal gland
222
adrenal/o
adrenal gland
223
andr/o
male
224
crin/o
to secrete
225
dips/o
thirst
226
gluc/o
glucose (sugar)
227
glocos/o
glucose (sugar)
228
glyc/o
glucose (sugar)
229
hormon/o
hormone (an urging on)
230
ket/o
ketone bodies
231
keton/o
ketone bodies
232
pancreat/o
pancreas
233
thym/o
thymus gland
234
thyr/o
thyroid gland (shield)
235
thyroid/o
thyroid gland (shield)
236
glucocorticoids
regulate carbohydrate metabolism and have antiinflammatory effects; cortisol is the most significant glucocorticoid
237
epinephrine
secreted in response to fear of physical injury; secreted by the adrenal medulla to affect the sympathetic nervous system in stress response.
238
norepinephrine
secreted in response to hyptension and physical stress
239
insulin
a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans that is responsible for regulating the metabolism of glucose (insulin = island)
240
glucagon
a hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans that serves to regulate carbohydrate metabolism by raising blood sugar
241
PTH
ParaThyroid Hormone - Regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism
242
Hypophysis
aka pituitary gland
located at the base of the brain; considered the master gland as it secretes hormones that regulate the function of other glands, such as the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testicles; the anterior pituitary secretes thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, leutenizing hormone, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, and prolactin; the posterior pituitary releases antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin
243
ADH
Antidiuretic Hormone - influences the absorption of water by kidney tubules
244
oxytocin
influences uterine contraction
245
thyroxin
T4 - one of the thyroid hormones that regulates metabolism
246
calcitonin
regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism
247
glucosuria
sugar in the urine
248
hypercalcemia
an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood
249
hypoglycemia
low blood sugar
250
ketosis
presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies (acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacetic acid) in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal use of carbohydrates, such as uncontrolled diabetes and starvation (keto = alter)
251
polydipsia
excessive thirst
252
polyuria
excessive urination
253
DM
Diabetes Mellitus - metabolic disorder caused by the absence or insufficient production of insulin secreted by the pancreas, resulting in hyperglycemia and glucosuria (diabetes = passing through; mellitus = sugar)
254
acromegaly
disease characterized by enlarged features, especially of the face and hands, caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary growth hormone after puberty, when normal bone growth has stopped; most often caused by a pituitary tumor
255
aque/o
water
256
blephar/o
eyelid
257
conjunctiv/o
conjunctiva (to join together)
258
corne/o
cornea
259
kerat/o
cornea
260
cycl/o
circle, ciliary body
261
ir/o
colored circle, iris
262
irid/o
colored circle, iris
263
lacrim/o
tear
264
dacry/o
tear
265
ocul/o
eye
266
ophthalm/o
eye
267
opt/o
eye
268
phac/o
lens (lentil)
269
phak/o
lens (lentil)
270
phot/o
light
271
presby/o
old age
272
retin/o
retina
273
scler/o
hard or sclera
274
vitre/o
glassy
275
-opia
condition of vision
276
conjunctiva
mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball
277
ciliary muscle
smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body, which contracts to assist in near vision
278
Palpebra
eyelid - movable, protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye
279
fundus
interior surface of the eyeball, including the retina, optic disk, macula, and posterior pole (curvature at the back of the eye) (fundus=base)
280
lacrimal gland
gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears
281
macula (macula lutea)
central region of the retina; responsible for central vision; yellow pigment provides its color (lutea = yellow)
282
diploplia
double vision
283
lacrimation
secretion of tears
284
nystagmus
involuntary, rapid, oscillating movement of the eyeball (nystagmos = a nodding)
285
Scotoma
blind spot in vision (skotos = darkness)
286
hyperopia
farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on a point behind the retina
287
myopia
nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays are focused on a point in front of the retina
288
presbyopia
impaired vision caused by old age or loss of accommodation
| (accommodation = ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects
289
blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelid
290
ptosis
drooping of the eyelid
291
cataract
opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision
292
conjunctivitis
pinkeye; inflammation of the conjunctiva
293
glaucoma
group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision
294
macular degeneration
breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision
295
strabismus
a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance (strabismus = a squinting)
296
esotropia
right or left eye deviates inward, toward nose (eso = inward; tropo = turning)
297
exotropia
right or left eye deviates outward, away from nose (exo=out; tropo=turning)
