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Pediatric/Neonatal Respiratory Care > Test 1- Ch.3 Labor, Delivery and Physiologic Changes after Birth > Flashcards

Test 1- Ch.3 Labor, Delivery and Physiologic Changes after Birth Flashcards

1
Q

Gravida is the

A

of pregnancies

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2
Q

Primigravida is the

A

1st pregnancy

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3
Q

Multigravida

A

Multiple pregnancies

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4
Q

Parity or Para is the

A

previous live (viable) births

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5
Q

___________ always includes pregnancies while _____ only idicates previous viable births

A

Gravida;
Para

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6
Q

what does TPAL stand for?

A

Term, Preterm, Abortion/ miscarriage, Life births

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7
Q

Example of TPAL:
G4P2102

A

G- 4th pregnancy
P- 2
T- 2 full term
P- 1 preterm
A-0 abortion
L- 2 Living

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8
Q

What is the process of giving birth? (5)

A

1st- Rupture of the membrane
2nd- Dilation of the cervix
3rd- Contraction of the uterus
4th- Separation of the placenta
5th- Shrinking of the uterus

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9
Q

During the first stage of labor and delivery

A

Onset of concentractions begin and the cervix begins to stretch and widen

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10
Q

The stretching or thinning of the cervix is called what?

A

effacement

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11
Q

The widening of the cervix is called

A

dilation

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12
Q

The first contractions usually are ___ to ___ minutes apart and last about how long in the first stage?

A

10 -15 minutes ;
30- 90 seconds

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13
Q

The 2nd stage of labor is the actual

A

delivery of the fetus

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14
Q

Full dilation and 100% effacement to delivery of fetus happens in what stage?

A

Second stage

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15
Q

What happens in the third stage of labor?

A

Delivery of the placenta

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16
Q

Stage 3 can take how long ? (range)

A

5 to 45 minutes

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17
Q

How many of all pregnancies end in premature labor?

A

12%

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18
Q

The process of stopping labor is called?

A

tocolysis

19
Q

What is one way of stopping labor?

A

pharmacological
- Terbutaline Sulfate
- Magnesium Sulfate

20
Q

What are some examples of nonpharmacological to prevent preterm labor?

A
  • family planning assessment for prenatal pt
  • pt education to identify signs of premature labor and when to seek help
21
Q

Is the prolongation of labor secondary to uterine, pelvic or fetal factors

A

Dystocia

22
Q

T or F.
As the length of labor increases, fetal mortality and morbidity increases

A

True

23
Q

___% of all births occur w/ the fetus in the _____ down position or ________ position

A

95%;
head;
vertex

24
Q

Any fetal presentation other than the vertex position is considered abnormal

A

something to know

25
Q

A dysfunctionaing of the Uterus may contract excessively is termed

A

hypertonic

26
Q

A dysfunctioning uterus may contract too mildly is termed

A

hypotonic

27
Q

The ______ presentation is the most common of all abnormal presentations, compromising about ____% of all births

A

breech;
95%

28
Q

What are some problems associated w/ umblicord?

A
  • Prolapsed cord
  • Kinked cord
  • True knot
  • Nucal or tight nucal
29
Q

When the umbilical cord passes through the cervix into the birth canal ahead of the presenting part

A

prolapsed

30
Q

Compression of the cord can also occur in the uterus and that is referred to as

A

occult prolapse

31
Q

Examples of placental abnormalities (2)

A
  • placenta previa
  • abruptio placenta
32
Q

Placenta previa is when the implantation occurs in the

A

lower portion of the uterus

33
Q

What are the 3 types of placenta previa

A
  • low implantation- occupies the lower portion of the uterus but does cover the cervical opening
  • partial placenta previa- covers a portion of the cervical opening
  • total placenta previa- covers the opening of the cervix
34
Q

Any time a normally attached placenta separates prematurely from the uterine wall is called an

A

abruptio placentae

35
Q

The most common cause of abruption is

A

maternal hypertension (preeclampsia)

36
Q

What are some examples of assisted vaginal delivery?

A
  • Vaccum extraction
  • Forceps extraction
37
Q

What are some side effects of using a vaccum extraction? (2)

A
  • pop-off
  • hematomas
38
Q

What is a side effect of using forceps?

A

Facial or head injury

39
Q

A surgical incision through the maternal abdomen and uterus is called

A

cesarean (c-section) delivery

40
Q

What are some reasons for a c-section? (5)

A
  • prior c-section
  • dystocia
  • breech or abdominal presentation
  • fetal distress
  • multiple gestation
41
Q

Fraternal twinning is an autosomal- recessive trait that is carried by the daughters of mothers of twins

A

!!

42
Q

Identical twins originate from

A

one ova

43
Q

The first breath is the sign of life

A

!!

Pediatric/Neonatal Respiratory Care (9 decks)

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