Test 1 COPY

Question 1

Per capita GDP in the US during the 20th century ___.

Answer 1

was cyclical, but generally trending upward throughout the century.

Question 2

Which is true about present day Americans who are at the official poverty level?

Answer 2

Their incomes are higher than all but the richest Americans in 1900.

Question 3

Which is true about present day Americans who are at the official poverty level?

Answer 3

Their incomes are above the world average per capita income.

Question 4

Which of the following is most accurate about ownership of household goods, such as flush toilets, refrigerators, televisions, clothes dryers and automobiles?

Answer 4

Americans at the poverty level in 2005 own these goods at higher rates than average households in 1950.

Question 5

_________ established the first American colonies in the early 1500s.

Answer 5

Spain

Question 6

Which nation made the greatest commitment to establish permanent settlements in its colonization strategy?

Answer 6

England

Question 7

Which English colony was the first permanent settlement in the New World?

Answer 7

Jamestown.

Question 8

Of the 6,000 settlers who migrated to Virginia since the founding of the first permanent settlement in 1607, nearly ______ had died by 1623.

Answer 8

4,000

Question 9

In the early colonies, private landholdings

Answer 9

gradually replaced common ownership.

Question 10

After reading Governor Bradford’s account, which is the most accurate statement, given his experience?

Answer 10

That assigning private plots of land “made all hands very industrious.”

Question 11

In colonial America, _______ was/were especially scarce, while the supply of _______ was plentiful.

Answer 11

capital and labor; land

Question 12

At the end of the 18th century, approximately _______ percent of the American people earned a major portion of their income by farming.

Answer 12

90

Question 13

Agricultural staples of the colonial South included

Answer 13

-rice, tobacco and indigo.

Question 14

Colonial production of tobacco satisfied England’s mercantilist interests because

Answer 14

it provided a substitute for imported Spanish tobacco.

Question 15

The only mineral that was available in any significant quantity in colonial America was:

Answer 15

Iron.

Question 16

The primary reason for the success of the colonial shipbuilding industry was

Answer 16

the close proximity of raw materials, especially lumber.

Question 17

Which of the following most accurately describes what the text says about mercantilists?

Answer 17

They confused gold and silver with true wealth.

Question 18

Under the British Navigation Acts, enumerated goods were a list of colonial ______.

Answer 18

exports that had to be shipped through British middlemen.

Question 19

In terms of exports from the colonies, ______ and _____ were the top two trading partners.

Answer 19

the West Indies; the United Kingdom

Question 20

Types of money used by colonists included all of the following except

Answer 20

government-issed fiat currency

Question 21

A notable and unique feature of the colonial monetary system was

Answer 21

the use of a widely accepted paper currency.

Question 22

Capital formation in the colonies was mostly due to

Answer 22

savings and investments from the colonist themselves

Question 23

According to the text, in the century prior to the Revolution _____ were a “strategic factor in the overall economic advance of the colonies.”

Answer 23

advances in shipping

Question 24

Low-cost fly boats offered an attractive alternative to heavier , more costly ships; however; their use was limited in many areas due to

Answer 24

privateering and piracy

Question 25

The proliferation of the horse in the 17th century caused Great Plains Indians to

Answer 25

use smaller and more independent hunting groups

Question 26

In the the 1770s the quality of life in the colonies

Answer 26

was better than the quality of life in developing countries today

Question 27

Which of the following statements accurately reflects research findings on the distribution of colonial wealth?

Answer 27

The opportunity for income mobility was probably greater in the colonies than in England.

Question 28

The standard of living (measured by what one can purchase with after-tax income) of free Americans on the eve of the Revolution was \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 28

higher than in 18th century England, and higher than for most people in the "Third World" today.

Question 29

The Navigation Acts

Answer 29

required all colonial trade to be carried on English vessels.

Question 30

One of the most important reasons for England's reasserting its authority over the colonial United States prior to the Revolution is

Answer 30

the end of the Seven Years War.

Question 31

The Tea Act

Answer 31

harmed smugglers of Dutch tea

Question 32

Which of the following most accurately describes an impact of the Navigation Acts?

Answer 32

Wages of New England sailors increased. The Navigation Acts made it more difficult (raised the price) for foreign sailors and ships to trade with the colonies.

Question 33

Under the Articles of Confederation,

Answer 33

-the federal government had a difficult time negotiating military and economic treaties with other nations.

Question 34

Most of the cost of the Revolutionary War was borne by

Answer 34

holders of devalued paper currency that was ultimately repudiated.

Question 35

The Continental Congress faced several constraints in its effort to finance the Revolutionary War. The largest source of funds for the War was

Answer 35

printing money.

Question 36

The Constitution

Answer 36

gives the federal government the exclusive power to coin money

Question 37

What generated the most revenue for the US government in the first 20 years after the Revolution?

Answer 37

Tariffs on goods imported from other nations

Question 38

Which of the following statements presents accurate information about the Napoleonic Wars?

Answer 38

The Wars led to increased demand for American shipping services.

Question 39

Which statement best describes the trend in land allocation laws from the Land Ordinance of 1785 to the Homestead Act of 1862?

Answer 39

The changes were more favorable to those who held a liberal belief about land allocation.

Question 40

Between 1800 and 1840, land laws became increasingly \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, primarily due to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 40

liberal; decreases in the minimum acreage required for purchase

Question 41

Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the Homestead Act of 1862?

Answer 41

Southerner plantation owners were strongly opposed to the passage of this legislation.

Question 42

Eli Whitney is most noted for

Answer 42

inventing the cotton gin

Question 43

Which of the following was the most important factor determining the volume of land sales in the Midwest and South during the antebellum period?

Answer 43

Agricultural prices.

Question 44

What best describes Thomas Jefferson's view of how American Indians should be treated?

Answer 44

Indians should have full property rights that should be respected by whites

Question 45

According to Douglass North's "market opportunity response" model, surges in land sales in the Old Northwest in the 1810s, 1830s and 1850s were due to

Answer 45

rising prices for corn and wheat

Question 46

The sharp decline in domestic freight costs during the antebellum period was primarily due to the introduction of

Answer 46

canals and steamboats

Question 47

Which of the following most accurately describes changes in life expectancy?

Answer 47

Life expectancy was relatively small until 1750, when it increased extremely rapidly.

Question 48

The majority of funding for 19th century American canal building came from

Answer 48

state government

Question 49

Which of the following antebellum transportation innovations earned the greatest rate of return?

Answer 49

the Erie Canal

Question 50

"Antebellum transportation improvements encouraged the South to specialize in cotton, while depending on the West for food and the Northeast for manufactured goods." This statement

Answer 50

describes North's interregional growth hypothesis

Question 51

By 1850, the predominant port in the U.S. was

Answer 51

New York

Question 52

Which of the following is an example of an activity that creates a positive externality?

Answer 52

the owner of a steamboat company dredges a river in order to improve navigation

Question 53

The first factories in the US were developed within the __________ industry.

Answer 53

cotton textile

Question 54

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which produced \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, is commonly cited as the first American factory.

Answer 54

The Almy, Slater, Brown Mill; yarn and thread

Question 55

By 1860, almost ¾ of the U.S. output of cotton goods was produced in

Answer 55

New England

Question 56

The most important reason for the increasing prominence of the corporation was

Answer 56

that some businesses required more capital than one person or a few people could provide.

Question 57

The Connecticut General Incorporation act

Answer 57

was passed in 1837 and made incorporation a right.

Question 58

What two basic ideas led to American preeminence in nineteenth-century manufacturing?

Answer 58

interchangeable parts and continuous-process manufacturing

Question 59

The first permanently successful application of standardized interchangeable parts was made in the American _________ industry.

Answer 59

armaments

Question 60

The first successful application of continuous process manufacturing was in

Answer 60

grain milling

Question 61

Compared to England, the 19th century American manufacturing labor force was

Answer 61

less likely to unionize.

Question 62

From 1800-1860 which part of the nation most supported high tariffs?

Answer 62

New England.

Question 63

Tariffs comprised approximately what percentage of the federal government revenues between 1790 and 1860?

Answer 63

97%