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Pharmacology > Test 1 Drugs > Flashcards

Test 1 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

-Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A

-COX Inhibitor
-Uses: Analgesic (mild to moderate pain), antipyretic (fever)
MOA: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis via COX 2 inhibition

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2
Q

Ibuprofin

A
  • NSAID/COX Inhibitor
  • Uses: Analgesic (mild pain), antipyretic, dysmenorrhea
  • MOA: Inhibition of COX1 an COX2
  • Side effects: GI bleeding/ulcers due to COX 1 inhibition
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3
Q

Naproxen (Aleve)

A
  • NSAID/COX Inhibitor
  • Uses: Analgesic (mild pain), antipyretic
  • MOA: Inhibition of COX 1 and COX2
  • Preferred over ibuprofen due to longer half life (less frequent doses needed)
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4
Q

Ketorolac (Toradol)

A
  • NSAID/COX Inhibitor
  • Uses: Post-op pain
  • Can have analgesic effects similar to morphine
  • Must be administered IM
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5
Q

Indomethacin

A
  • NSAID/COX Inhibitor
  • Uses: Arthritis, gout, tendinitis
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6
Q

Aspirin

A
  • NSAID/COX Inhibitor
  • Uses: Antiplatelet (can protect against MI and stroke), analgesic, antipyretic
  • MOA: Irreversible, non selective inhibition of COX1 and COX 2
  • Side effects: Increased bleeding, Reye’s syndrome (children), GI distress
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7
Q

Celecoxib (celebrex)

A
  • Second generation NSAID/selective COX 2 inhibitor
  • Uses: Acute pain, arthritis
  • MOA: Selective COX 2 inhibition
  • Side effects: Dyspepsia, abdominal pain
  • Only can be administered for 2-3 weeks
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8
Q

Tramadol

A
  • Non-opiate narcotic
  • Uses: Analgesic (mild to moderately severe)
  • MOA: CNS weak opioid
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9
Q

Morphine Sulfate (MS-Contin)

A
  • Opiate analgesic
  • Uses: Severe acute or severe chronic pain (cancer, MI, dyspnea via pulmonary edema), preop
  • MOA: Mu-receptor agonist
  • Side effects: Sedation, respiratory depression, hypotension, pruritus (itchy skin)
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10
Q

Fentanyl (Sublimaze, Duragesic)

A
  • Opiate analgesic
  • Uses: Sever pain (periop, palliative care)
  • MOA: Mu receptor agonist
  • Side effects: Sedation, respiratory depression
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11
Q

Bethanechol (Urecholine)

A
  • Muscarinic Agonist
  • Parasympathomimetic/cholinergic
  • Uses: Urinary retention via muscarinic activation of the bladder muscles
  • Side effects: Hypotension, bradycardia, increased salivation, bronchoconstriction, sweating (more common when administered SC vs oral). CI for patients with hyperthyroidism-cardiac dysrhythmia
  • Antidote: Atropine
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12
Q

Atropine

A
  • Muscarinic Antagonist
  • Anticholinergic/parasympatholytic
  • MOA: Competitive blockage at muscarinic receptors
  • Uses: Pre-anesthesia (decrease secretions), bradycardia, muscarinic agonist poisoning
  • Side effects: Xerostomia (tooth decay), blurred vision and photophobia, urinary retention, tachycardia
  • Antidote: Physostigmine
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13
Q

Oxybutynin (Ditropan) and Darifenicin (Enablex)

A
  • Muscarinic agonist for OAB
  • Cholinergic
  • MOA: More selective for M3 muscarinic receptors, which are found on the bladder
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14
Q

Neostigmine (Prostigmin) and Physostigmine

…and Detrol but tha’ts less selective

A
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors
  • Anticholinesterase
  • MOA: Decreases activity of cholinesterase, thereby increasing levels of ACh
  • Uses: Myasthenia gravis, atropine poisoning
  • Side effects: Same as muscarinic agonist due to increased levels of ACh
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15
Q

Turbocurarine and vecuronium (competitive and nondepolarizing)
Succinylcholine (noncompetitive and depolarizing)

A
  • Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
  • MOA: Paralysis of muscles by blocking action of Nm receptor (depolarizing causes the muscles to contract but then they freeze)
  • Uses: Paralysis for intubation, surgery, electroconvulsive therapy, and mechanical ventilation
  • Charged molecules so must be given IV
  • Side effects: Respiratory arrest and hypotension. For succinylcholine, malignant hyperthermia and hyperkalemia
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16
Q

Clonidine (Catapress)

A
  • Indirect-acting anti-adrenergic agonist
  • Alpha 2 agonist
  • MOA: Activation of A2 receptors in the CNS decreases sympathetic outflow to vessels and to the heart via decreased release of transmitters
  • Uses: Decreases HTN (also some severe pain and ADHD)
  • Side effects: Drowsiness, xerostomia, rebound HTN if doses suddenly stop
17
Q

Methyldopa

A
  • Indirect-acting anti-adrenergic agonist
  • Alpha 2 Agonist
  • MOA: Activated withing neurons to become methyl-norepinephrine, activated A2 receptors
  • Uses: HTN
18
Q

Prazosin (minipress)

A
  • Adrenergic antagonist
  • Alpha blockade (drugs end in -sin)
  • MOA: Blocks activation of alpha receptors
  • Uses: HTN, reversal of A1 agonist toxicity, Raynaud’s disease
19
Q

Tamsulosin (Flowmax)

A
  • Adrenergic antagonist
  • Alpha blockade
  • Uses: BPH (used to help alleviate dysuria caused by BPH)
20
Q

Narcan/Naloxone

A
  • Opioid antagonist
  • MOA: Blocks opioid effects
  • Uses: Reversal of opioid effects
21
Q

Propranolol

A

-Adrenergic antagonist
-First gen B blockage
-Non selective
Uses: Angina, HTN, MI, Heart failure
-Side effects B1: Bradycardia, reduced cardiac output, AV blockage
-Side effects B2: Bronchoconstriction, inhibition of glycogenolysis

22
Q

Hydromorphone/Dilaudid

A

-Opioid agonist
-MOA: Mu agonist
Uses: Moderate to severe pain, heavily used in chronic cancer pain
-Less sedating than morphine
-Adverse effects: Sedation, respiratory depression, nausea and pruritis (less so than morphine due to less histamine)

23
Q

Meperidine (Demerol)

A
  • Opioid
  • Mu and kappa agonist
  • Used as an analgesic for patients with morphine allergy
  • Side effects: Respiratory depression, sedation, hypotension
  • Not popular anymore due to short half life
  • Only used for 48 hours
24
Q

Codein sulfate

A
  • Opioid
  • MOA: Mu agonist (week affinity)
  • Uses: Mild to moderate pain, cough suppressant
  • Side effects: Sedation, respiratory depression
25
Q

Hydrocodone (Vicodin)

A
  • Schedule II
  • Analgesic equivalent to codeine
  • Can be taken alone or in combo with Tylenol or Ibuprofin
26
Q

Methadone (dolophine)

A
  • Mu receptor agonist
  • Moderate to sever pain, management of opioid abuse NOT FOR PAIN CONTROL
27
Q

Buprenorphine

A
  • Used to treat OUD (opioid use disorder)
  • Opioid partial agonist (produces euphoria and respiratory depression at low doses)
  • Side effects: Constipation, headache, nausea, vomiting
28
Q

Metoprolol

A

-B blockade
-Second gen B1 selective
-Uses: Angina, HTN, dysrhythmias, MI, HF
-Side effects:
-B1: Bradycardia, reduced
CO

29
Q

Carvedilol (Coreg)

A
  • B blockade
  • Third gen B1, B2, a1 (vasodilation)
  • Uses: Same as Metoprolol and Propranolol
  • Side effects: Related to B1 (bradycardia), B2 (bronchoconstriction), and A1 (hypotension) blockade

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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