Test 4 mini decks

Question 1

Anti-fungals

Answer 1

• Amphotericin B: Treats a broad spectrum of fungi and some protozoa
• Low risk for resistance
• Reserved for severe infection due to lots of side effects
• “azoles”
• Fluconazoles
• Most common antufungals

Question 2

Bacterial Cell Wall 1

Answer 2

• Narrow-spectrum penicillins
• Penicillin G (benzylpenicillin): Fights gram positive (some gr -)
• Some are penicillinase resistant: These are still unable to combat MRSA
• Nafcillin
• Oxacillin
• Dicloxacillin
• Broad-spectrum penicillins
• Ampicillin: Gram + and gram - (mostly gram + but more gram - than Penicillin G)

-Ineffective against staph aureas due to easy inactivation by beta lactamases

-Extended-spectrum penicillins

Question 3

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

Answer 3

• Clavulanic acid
• End in -bactam
• Tazobactam
• Sulbactam
• Augmentin: Amoxicillin + clauvanic acid
• Penicillin + clauvlanic acid
• Unasyn = Ampicillin + sulbactam
• Zosyn = Piperacillin + tazobactam

Question 4

Bacterial Cell Wall II

Answer 4

• Cephalosporin
• 5 generations, with gen 5 being the most the most
• Effective against gram neg
• Gen 5 is also effective aginst MRSA/VRSA
• Resistanct to beta lactamases
• Able to reach CSF
• Vancomycin
• Only gram +
• Effective against MRSA

Question 5

Bacterial Protein Inhibition

Answer 5

• Tetracyclines: 30S ribosomal subunit
• Broad spectrum
• Macrolides (erythromycin): 50s ribosomal subunit
• Clindamycin: Effective against anaerobic bacteria (gram + and -)
• Aminoglycosides (gentamicin): 30s ribosomal subunit
• Serious infections by aerobic gram - bacilli
• Narrow spectrum
• Bacteriocidal

Question 6

UTI drugs

Answer 6

• Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole
• Uncomplicated UTI
• Ciprofloxacin: Most gram -, some gram +
• Can treat complicated UTI (E. coli)
• Fosfomycin (monurol)
• Uncomplicated UTI

Question 7

Gram -

Answer 7

-Aminopenicillins (Principe): Weaken bacterial cell wall I

Mostly used for gram +, but unlike most penicillins it is effective against some gram -

• Cephalosporins (increased effect from gen 1-5): Weaken bacterial cell wall II
• Cefazolin (ancef): Ish
• Cefuroxime (zinacef): Some
• Ceftriaxone (rocephin): Highly effective
• Cefepime (maxipime): Yup
• Ceftaroline (teflaro): Hell yeah
• Also effective against MRSA (gram +)
• Cindamycin (Cleocin): Protein synthesis inhibitor
• Works against anaerobic bacteria, both gram + and -
• Ciprofloxacin: A 2nd gen fluoroquinolone used to treat UTI (including complicated UTI caused by gram - e. coli)
• Broad spectrum
• Most gram - some gram +

Question 8

Gram +

Answer 8

• Penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin): Weaken bacterial cell wall I
• Aminopenicillins: Weaken bacterial cell wall I
• Broad spectrum
• Effective against both gram + and -
• Vancomycin: Weaken bacterial cell wall II
• Used only for severe infection against gram +
• MRSA
• Clindamycin (cleocin): Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
• Anaerobic bacteria (both gran + and -)
• Ciprofloxacin: 2nd gen fluroquinolones
• Mostly gram -, some gram +
• UTI and complicated UTI

Question 9

TB Drugs

Answer 9

• Antimycobacterial agents
• Isoniazid (hydra): Active and latent
• Rifampin (rifadin): TB and leprosy
• Pyrazinamide (tebrazid)
• Ethambuto (myambutol)

Question 10

Antiprotozoal

Answer 10

• Antimalarial
• Chloroquine
• Quinine
• Quinidine
• Primaquine
• Metronidazole (flagyl)
• Also can treat anaerobic bacteria like c diff