Test 1 Flashards Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
Ground-up previously underdeveloped
A
Greenfield
2
Q
Unused or abandoned land in a built up area
A
Infill
3
Q
Previously Developed and Underutilized
A
Greyfield
4
Q
Developed land with environmental contamination
A
Brownfield
5
Q
Rehabilitation
A
Renovation of blighted properties for adaptive reuse
6
Q
Unmaintained and unsafe
A
Blighted
7
Q
ADAPTING or repurposing an existing building
A
Adaptive Reuse
8
Q
1 living unit and cluster subdivision
A
Single Family Detached
9
Q
Dividing a large parcel into smaller parcels
A
Subdivision
10
Q
Layout Considerations for Subdivision
A
Density
Layout
Design
11
Q
Duplex
1 structure with 2 family units
A
Single Family Semi-Detached
11
Q
Townhouse and home with common dwelling
A
Single Family Attached
11
Q
Reduced Lot Sizes and overall yield stays the same. Denser development
A
Cluster Subdivision
12
Q
Apartments and four or more dwellings in one structure
A
Multifamily
13
Q
Pad site, close to large establishments, gas stations and dining places
A
Freestanding Commercial
14
Q
Self Contained building with multiple tenants
A
Freestanding Commercial
15
Q
Warehouses
Data Centers
Factories
A
Industrial
16
Q
Combination of retail office and residential
A
Mixed Use
17
Q
Grouping of mixed land uses
A
Master Planned Communities
18
Q
Public Project for government
A
Institutional
19
Q
Legal rights conveyed by approvals from
governmental entities to develop a property for a certain use, [density],
building type or building placement.
A
Entitlements
20
Q
Entitlements Examples
A
Zoning and federal state permits
21
Q
Approvals granted by federal state or local government
A
Permitting
22
Q
Biggest Impact on Land Dev projects. Rules over zoning ordinances and comprehensive plans
A
Local Government
23
Required by State Law
Set goals for the future development for a community
Comprehensive Plan
24
Plan Role
Advisory in Nature and vary by locality
25
Who is involved in Comprehensive Plans
Land Developers
Government Officials
Business Leaders
Community Residents
26
T/F are comprehensive plans required for each locality by state law in VA?
True (They are required)
27
Legally enforceable document that governs land use, layout, and density.
Zoning Ordinance
28
Use explicitly permitted in a zoning district that is fundamental to the districts character
By right use
29
By Right Use Examples
General Commercial is a food place.
Low Density Residential is a single family
High Density Residential is an apartment complex
30
Special use permits that may be issued when a land use is proposed that is not explicitly proposed in the districts by right uses. Must be useful for district and have no negative impact on neighborhoods.
Special Use Permits / Conditional Use Permits
31
When a developers plans conflict with zoning and differ beyond what a SUP or CUP can fix.
Rezoning is used
32
Voluntary development conditions offered by developer to locality to reduce impacts generated by development
Proffers
33
Proffer Examples
Roadway Improvements, Hours, and Amenities
34
Floor Area Ratio (FAR)
Total Building SF / Parcel Area Sf
35
Width of property along right of way
Frontage
36
Distance between structure and property line
Setbacks
37
Zoning Density Units
Units (Bedrooms) per acre
38
Zoning Density
Minimum lot size and maximum lot coverage
39
Angle from property line to top of the building
Bulk Angle
40
Variance
Granted when a landowner cannot comply to zoning or design manual standard requirements.
41
Process of research and analysis prior to property purchase or investment.
Due Diligence
42
Due Diligence Purpose
Allows developer to make an informed decision regarding property acquisition and or financing. Avoids liability after 30-60 day DD phase.
43
Scope
Physical characteristics of site, environmental liabilities, regulations, costs, and timeline.
44
Due Diligence Report Structure
Should be preliminary only and should avoid guarantees and recommendations.
45
Provides third party with the right to access provide private property for an example purpose (EX- Utilities)
Easements
46
Property owned by government agency or private company
Right of Way
47
Promise of landowner to not do something on the property
Restrictive Covenant
48
ESA Phase 1/2/3
Site Research and Due Diligence
Location and quantification
Removal, remediation, and monitoring
49
ESA
Concept of environmental due diligence emerged from CERCLA / Superfund Law
50
Phase 1 ESA
Database Research for spills or contamination
Site Search for Spills
Interviews done by neighbors or owners
51
Phase 2 ESA
Location and Quantification of spill or contamination
52
Phase 3 ESA
Removal, Remediation, and Monitoring (Brownfield)
53
Determining the precise limits of wetlands and if they are jurisdictional
Wetlands Delineation
54
Ways to identify Wetlands
Soil Types
Vegetative Species
Hydraulic properties
55
Floodplain Characteristics
Protects life, health, and property.
Special flood hazard area (100 year)
Regulated by FEMA
56
Why do soils matter
Earthwork is the largest cost. Soils effect foundation and pavements.
57
Transport Concerns
Is the public road accessible to subject and parcel, traffic, construction, design sight distance, grade and street width.
58
Topography
Identifies break lines on site (Streams and Ridges)
59
Slope > 15%
Steep
60
Slope > 25%
Undevelopable
61
Slope < 2%
Excessively Flat
62
Storm Drainage Concerns
On site patterns,
existing floodplains and wetlands, and existing infrastructure.
63
Sanitary Sewer
Gravity and Pumps
Capacity
Easements
Size and depth of waterlines
64
Need for sustainable development and challenges in society
1. Population growth
2. Sprawl
3. Climate Change
4. Scarce Natural Resources
5. Energy Consumption
65
Triple Bottom Line
People Planet Profit
66
Population widely dispersed in a low residential development
Sprawl
67
What serves as a framework for Sustainable Decisions?
Rating Systems
68
LEED ND Parcel Requirements
75% (min) of parcel boundaries border parcel
68
LEED ND for Walkable Streets
15% (min) of total block length must have a BH to CL ratio of 1:1.5 (0.67' BH for each 1' of setback to CL)
69
How to fix BH/CL
Slide Building Height to Road
70
Tradeoffs and Limitations for Sustainable Design
Safety
Cost (Increase Design and Construction Costs)
Regulations
71
Most Common Motive for Development
Increase Economic Yield
72
Costs of acquiring land and existing buildings and other improvements on the land
Land Acquisition Costs
73
Fees paid to professional and government agencies. Includes permit fees and plan review fees.
Soft Costs
74
Costs related to construction improvements and site development or building costs.
Hard Costs
75
Yield Formula
Yield = NOI / Total Cost
76
Net Operating Income (NOI)
PGI* 5% Reduction (0.95) = EGI
EGI * 35% Reduction (0.65) = NOI
77
Project Cost
Look at Graph
78
Breakeven cost
Equals revenue
79
Target Range Annual Return (NOI)
7-10%
80
Chance you that you could lose all or part of your investment
Risk
81
Who Permits Wetlands?
US Army Corps of Engineers
82
Who Regulates Floodplains?
FEMA
83
Levels of Government
Federal:
Clean Water Act, Wetlands permitting, FAA
State:
VDOT VDEQ street and water designs by community.
84
Multifamily Design Considerations
Multiple entrances
Parking
Access for fire and rescue
Amenities
85
Commercial Design Recommendations
Parking
ADA
Circulation
Visibility
86
Industrial Design Recommendations
Site access
Truck and trailer parking
Building pads
Grading
SW managed
87
Mixed Use Design Recommendations
Pedestrian friendly
Amenities
Parking and transit
Urban environment
88
Institutional Design Considerations
Community
LEED Standards
Universal Design
Value Engineering
89
DD in Columbia
Zoning and Overlay
Green Area Ratio (GAR)
SWM
Existing Conditions
Costs to improve
90
Sustainability Challenges
Utility Services
Data Centers
Renewable Energy
