Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nutritional Physiology > Test 1 - Further Q's > Flashcards

Test 1 - Further Q's Flashcards

(48 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q
  • What is the function of the sphincter of oddi?
A

o Stimulated by CCK to release bile into S.I/Stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?
A

o it acts as a valve to controls the flow of partially digested food from the stomach to the small intestine.

GASTRIC EMPYTYING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why is the movement through the large intestine slow?

A

Allows for increased absorption of water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • A key action of the large intestinal bacteria is to?
A

o Ferment digestible carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • Within the stomach, the primary form of motility is?
A

o Peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • A key action of the large intestine is to?
A

o Synthesize small chain fatty acids from fermentation of dietary fibre.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • Alcohol metabolism via the ADH pathway is a net user of?
A

o NAD (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • What are the hematological functions of the liver?
A

o Removal of toxins from blood.
o Removal of circulating antibodies
o Synthesis of plasma proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • Worldwide, what is the major cause of liver cirrhosis?
A

Viral Infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • Carbohydrate metabolism by the liver predominantly involves?
A

o Synthesis of glucose via the process of gluconeogenesis when fasting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • What are the gluconeogenic precursors by the liver?
A

o Lactate, amino acid carbon skeletons and glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • The smallest fundamental unit in the small intestine which absorption occurs are?
A

o Microvilli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • Within the small intestine the predominant form of motility is?
A 
o	Segmentation (slow) 
Allows for greater absorption `by increasing suface area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • What are the 3 segments of the SI?
A

o Duodenum -> Ileum -> Jejunum -> (LI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • What vitamins are produced in the LI?
A

o Biotin, K & B5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • The liver in its detoxification role can:
A

o Undertake the urea cycle (removal of NH4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • With lipid metabolism the liver can?
A

o Synthesis VLDL in the liver.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • The chemical stimulus believed to be responsible for gall blader contraction and secretion of bile in the duodenum is?
A

o Cholecystokinin (CCK) -> Which stimulates sphincter of ODDI.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • What nutrients does the liver receive via the hepatic portal vein?
A

o Carbohydrates, Proteins & Alcohol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  • Major functions of the liver include?
Study These Flashcards
A

o Storage of proteolytic enzymes for digestion in their active forms.

21
Q

o Bile travels via which duct?

Study These Flashcards
A

 Hepatic duct to cystic duct. = Common bile duct. From Gall Bladder to SI

22
Q
  • What is Acid Reflux?
Study These Flashcards
A

o strong atmospheric pressure gradient difference between the end of the esophagus and start of stomach increases risk of gastric reflux

23
Q
  • Where does CHO digestion occur?
Study These Flashcards
A 
o	Mouth (Mechanical)– Slivary Amylase 
o	Stomach (Chemical) – Eliminate bacteria and reduce chyme size
o	S.I  -Pancreatic amylase breaks into dextrin and maltose.
	Further broken down into lactase, sucrase, and maltase.
•	Absorbed as glucose.
24
Q
  • What is the primary organs of the GI tract?
Study These Flashcards
A

o GI tract are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus

25
- What are the accessory (digestive organs
o The liver, pancreas, and gallbladder are the solid organs of the digestive system.
26
- What is the caecum?
o Pouch at the junction of SI & LI  Absorption of salts and water at end of digestion & absorption. o Stores materials and begins compaction of fecaes.
27
- What is bolus?
o Bolus is contents that ingested by the mouth into stomach. o Chyme is stomach to intestines.
28
- Where does protein digestion begin?
o Mechanical breakdown – Mouth -> into smaller pieces. o Chemical digestion -> HCL & Pepsin o of protein begins in the stomach and ends in the small intestine.
29
- What pancreatic enzymes are involved in digestion of protein?
o The two major pancreatic enzymes that digest proteins are chymotrypsin and trypsin.
30
- Where is protein absorbed?
protein is absorbed as tripeptides, dipeptides or amino acids and this process occurs in the duodenum or proximal jejunum of the small intestine.
31
- What are the types of movements through the GI tract?
o Esophagus – Peristalsis o Stomach - Segmentation o SI - Segmentation o LI – Peristalsis
32
- What is the ileocecal valve
o one way valve located between the ileum and the cecum, which is the first portion of the colon.. o This valve helps control the passage of contents into the colon and increases the contact time of nutrients and electrolytes (essential minerals) with the small intestine. It also prevents back-flow (reflux) from the colon up into the ileum, and minimizes the movement of bacteria from the large intestine up into the small bowel
33
- Partial cells of the stomach secrete?
o Gastric Acid (HCL)
34
- Chief Cells of the stomach secrete?
o The chief cells secrete pepsinogen
35
- Muscular contraction of the esophagus is
Peristalsis
36
- Gastric emptying refers to
o Emptying of contents from stomach to SI.
37
- The parietal cells of the stomach secrete?
o intrinsic factor to assist with vitamin B12 absorption
38
- The smallest unit of the GI tract absorptive epithelial cell surface?
o Microvilli.
39
- What is Achlorhydria?
o Person cannot produce enough HCL |  Results In impaired digestion and damage of GI tract
40
- What is the major blood vessels carrying blood in the liver?
o hepatic artery which delivers oxygenated blood from the general circulation. o hepatic portal vein delivering deoxygenated blood from the small intestine containing nutrients.
41
- How much of cardiac output does the liver receive?
o 25%
42
- Typsin is active in the?
o Duodenum
43
- What is the basic unit of the liver cells?
o The liver acinus, which contains clusters of hepatocytes, is the basic functional unit of the liver
44
- Storage and concentration of bile between meals is one of the key functions of the?
o Gallbladder. Sphincter of oddi is relaxed by CCK.
45
- The main active component of bile is?
o Bilirubin, the major pigment of bile, is an end product of heme catabolism that travels to the liver bound to albumin
46
- All alcohol consumed is metabolized by the?
o Mostly liver & stomach
47
- Metabolism of alcohol by the ADH pathway can result in a depletion of?
o Cellular NAD+ levels.
48
- When a drug or toxin is poorly metabolized by the liver, it will typically have a?
o Greater a biological effect on tissues of the systemic circulation

Nutritional Physiology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions