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Honors Bio > Test 1 - Intro to Biology and Biochemistry > Flashcards

Test 1 - Intro to Biology and Biochemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Intro to Biology

A

Bio meand life

ology means study of

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2
Q

Characteristics of Life

A 
organization
response to stimuli
homeostasis
metabolism
growth and development
reproduction
change through time (genes remain unchanged; change physically)
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3
Q

Themes of Biology

A

Unity and diversity in life
Interdependence of Organisms
evolution of life

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4
Q

Scientific Method

A

Goal was to discover and catalog the creations of our lord during the renaissance period of europe, faith was strong but they sought an explanation, learn about god through nature and creation, today not necessarily the case, wanted standard techniques and procedures

investigate things, acquire knowledge, orderly providing of it

1) Question what do we want ot learn about
2) Research - gather information
3) hypothesis - guess what is happening
4) Procedure - experiment
Data - info collected , #, observations, information collected in words
5) Conclusion

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5
Q

Composition of Matter

A

Matter, mass, weight

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6
Q

Energy

A

Chemical reactants are substances that enter chemical reactions, products are substances produced by chemical reactions

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7
Q

Water and Solutions

A

.

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8
Q

Biochemistry

A

.

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9
Q

Steps of scientific method

A

Question, research, hypothesis, procedure, data, observations, conclusion

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10
Q

Roots of scientific method

A

Aistotle, ibn alhaytham

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11
Q

Organized chaos

A

Seps to the process but accidental discoveries unintended results

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12
Q

Normal standard

A

Control

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13
Q

Experimental

A

Variable changed

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14
Q

Independent ->

A

Dependent

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15
Q

Action->

A

Reaction

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16
Q

Matter

A

Occupies space and has mass

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17
Q

Mass

A

Quantity of matter an object has

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18
Q

Weight

A

Amount or quantity of heaviness or mass

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19
Q

Weight is a measure of

A

Mass

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20
Q

States

A

Solid, liquid, gas … addition of energy to a substance can change its state

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21
Q

Physical state and changes, phase change needs 2 factors

A

Heat and pressure, interplay, increase heat need more pressure and increase pressure need more heat there is an interplay

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22
Q

Elements made of a single kind of

A

Atom (like oxygen) . cannot be broken down by chemical means into simpler substances; smallest component of a substance with the characteristics of the substance

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23
Q

Atoms composed of

A

Protons, neutrons and electrons. Nucleus has protons and neutrons, the shell has electrons

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24
Q

Electrons charge is

A

Negative, move around nucleus, orbital

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25
Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neitrons
Isotopes - examples are heavy water deuterium nuclear reactors
26
Formed when two atoms share electrons
Covalent bonds
27
Formed when one atom gives up an electon to another
Ionic bond ...the positive ion is attracted to a negative ion to form the ionic bond
28
In an ionic bond, the positive ion is
Then attracted to a negative ion to form the ionic bond
29
Energy is either absorbed or
Released
30
Absorbed energy
Endothermic
31
Released energy
Exothermic
32
Energy needed to begin a reaction
Activation energy
33
Reduce the needed activation energy
Catalysts
34
Chemical reaction where electrons are excahnged between atoms
Oxidation reduction reactions
35
What will be on teSt?
7 matching, 22 multiple choice, 6 short essay
36
Review chemistry of life chapter in openstac
SEE BOOK
37
List 7 characteristics of life
``` organization response to stimuli homeostasis metabolism growth and development reproduction change through time ```
38
Molecules with uneven distribution of charge
Polar molecules
39
In polar molecules, electrons are shared
Unevenly, one end slightly positive, other slitly negative; uneven distribution of charge example water
40
Solubility of water
Polarity of water effective dissolver
41
The force of attraction between a hydrogen molecule with a partial positive charge and another atom of molecule with a partial or full negative charge
Hydrogen bond
42
Attractive forces that hold molecules of a single substance together
Cohesion
43
Attractive force between 2 particles of different substances
Adhesion
44
Water has the ability to absorb a relatively large amount of molecules
Temperature moderation
45
A solution consists of a solute diluted in a
Solvent
46
Ionization of water
Water ionizes into hydronium ions h3o+ and hydroxide ions oh-
47
Acidic solution
More hydronium ions (HCL and H2CO3)
48
Basic solution
More hydroxide ions (common bases NaOH and KOH)
49
Scale for comparing relative concentrations of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in a solutiom
Ph scale from 0 to 14
50
Chemicals that neutralize the effects of adding small amounts of either an acid or a base to a solution
Buffers
51
All compounds fit into 2 broad categories
Organic and inorganic
52
Made of carbon, living in past
Organic
53
Noncarbon based, never alive
Inorganic
54
Carbon bonding - 4 electrons, want to bond 4 times
4 covalent bonds
55
Carbon bonding - often bonds to itself
Enormous variety of compounds, variety of shapes but two main catagories organic and inorganic; carbon has 4 electrons. Bonds 4 times in covalent bonds; can be doubled or tripled
56
Functional groups
Clusters of atoms in a molecule Influence its characteristics Influence chemical reactions molecule undergoes
57
Carbon compound list
Carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, lipids
58
Organic compounds made of c h o
Carbo hy drates
59
Organic compounds made of c h o n
Proteins
60
Biological catalysts made of proteins attach to a substance at active site promotes chemical reactio
Enzymes
61
Large, nonpolar molecules made of c h o ex fatty acid, wax, steroid
Lipids
62
organization
high order within
63
organism parts
internal and external
64
example atom, molecule, organelle
oxygen, glucose, nucleaus
65
Greek philosopher, 384BC-322 BCT, observation and classification based upon analysis
Aristotle
66
965-1039 "truth is sought for its own sake. And those who are engaged upon the quest for anything for its own sake are not interested in anything else"
Ibn Al-haytham
67
1794-1866 wrote history and philosophy of inductive science
William Whewell
68
1896-1961 careful in analysis, bias, first to recognize this
Ludwig Fleck
69
compares control and experimental
controlled experiment - ideally one small variable
70
performing the experiment manipulate what
the independent variable and measure the dependent variable
71
what kind of essay has an intro, talk about the other side and why they are wrong, why my side is right and has a conclusion
argumentative essay
72
to avoid bias, results need to be
repeatable
73
way to disprove hypothesis
something else unknown something else possible at work require time and repeatabilty
74
set of repeated hypothesis confirmed to be true many times includes a great amount of daya
theory
75
atoms of 2 elements joined together
compound
76
chemical bonds into fixed proportions
bonding
77
substances that enter chemical reaction
reactants
78
substances produced by chemical reaction
substances
79
proteins or RNA speed up metabolic reactions without being permanently changed or destroyed
enzymes
80
chemical reaction electrons exchanged between atom; one gives one receives example is rust
oxidation/reduction
81
example of hydrogen bonding
density of ice, solid water is less dense than liquid shape of h20 and h bonding, most dense at 4 degrees celcius

Honors Bio (20 decks)

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