Test 1: Nomencature/Classification Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the two names each parasite possesses?
A generic name and a specific name.
How should the generic and specific names of parasites be formatted?
They should be in italics, but the designator’s name should not be italicized.
How is a parasite’s name written?
Generic name (capitalized) + specific name (lowercase) + designator’s name + year (e.g., Ascaris lumbricoides Linnaeus, 1758).
What does Ascaris lumbricoides Linnaeus, 1758 mean?
It belongs to the genus Ascaris, and the species name lumbricoides was given by Linnaeus in 1758.
How do you format a parasite’s name if it has been transferred to another classification?
The correct name is written as usual, followed by the original name with the year in parentheses.
What are the two main groups of parasites?
1) Parasitic protozoa (unicellular) 2) Parasitic helminths (multicellular) 3) Arthropoda (Medical Entomology).
What are the classification levels for parasites?
Phylum → Sub-phylum → Super-class → Class → Sub-class → Order → Sub-order → Super-Family → Family → Sub-family → Genus → Species.
What are the major groups of protozoa?
1) Sarcomastigophora (flagellates) 2) Apicomplexa (non-motile adult stage) 3) Ciliophora (ciliates) 4) Microspora.
What are the two subgroups of Sarcomastigophora?
1) Mastigophora (flagellates) 2) Sarcodina (amoebae).
What are the characteristics of Mastigophora (flagellates)?
They move using one or more whip-like flagella and may have an undulating membrane (e.g., Trypanosoma).
Name some intestinal and genitourinary flagellates.
Giardia, Trichomonas, Dientamoeba, Chilomastix.
Name some blood and tissue flagellates.
Trypanosoma, Leishmania.
How do Mastigophora reproduce?
Asexual reproduction by binary fission.
What are the characteristics of Sarcodina (amoebae)?
They are amoeboid and move using pseudopodia (false feet), including Entamoeba, Endolimax, Iodamoeba, Naegleria, Acanthamoeba.
How do Sarcodina reproduce?
Asexual reproduction by binary fission.
What are the characteristics of Apicomplexa (Sporozoa)?
They have a complex life cycle with alternating sexual and asexual reproductive phases, often involving two hosts.
What are examples of Apicomplexa (Sporozoa)?
Plasmodium (malaria), Toxoplasma (toxoplasmosis), Cryptosporidium (cryptosporidiosis).
What is Ciliophora?
A group of protozoa that use cilia for movement, e.g., Balantidium coli.
What are the two main phyla of parasitic helminths?
1) Nematoda (roundworms) 2) Platyhelminthes (flatworms).
What are the characteristics of nematodes?
Elongated, round, unsegmented
How do most human nematode infections occur?
Ingestion of eggs or larvae.
Give examples of nematodes (roundworms).
Ascaris lumbricoides, Ankylostoma duodenale, Enterobius vermicularis.
What are the characteristics of platyhelminths?
Flattened body
Name examples of Trematoda (flukes).
Fasciola hepatica, Clonorchis sinensis, Schistosoma spp.
