test 1 - part 1

Question 1

brainstem

Answer 1

• included pone and medulla - extension of the spinal cord

- supports life sustaining bodily functions

Question 2

Thalamus

Answer 2

• attached to top of the brainstem

Question 3

Reticular formation

Answer 3

• passes through the thalamus and brainstem
• regulates sleep, wakefulness and levels of arousal
  ( used when trying to stay up late and drive )

Question 4

Medulla damaged

Answer 4

• trouble w/basic bodily functions

Question 5

Medulla

Answer 5

• controls heartbeat and breathing

Question 6

Pons

Answer 6

• helps control and regulate sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder, hearing, equilibrium, taste, eye movement, facial expressions and sensation

Question 7

Pons damaged

Answer 7

• stay alive, but daily life would be severely altered

Question 8

Reticular formation damaged

Answer 8

• not testable on humans, but a cat would lapse into a permanent coma

Question 9

What brain region would damage be most likely to disrupt your ability to skip rope?

Answer 9

• Cerebellum

Question 10

What brain region would damage be most likely to disrupt your ability to hear and taste?

Answer 10

• Thalamus

Question 11

Covering the cerebral hemispheres is the cerebral cortex

Answer 11

• thin surface layer of interconnected neural cells
• “thinking crown”
• {Ultimate control and info processing center}

Question 12

Occipital lobes

Answer 12

• visual processing info ( visual cortex )

Question 13

Parietal lobes

Answer 13

• info about touch ( sensory cortex )

Question 14

Temporal lobes

Answer 14

• hearing ( auditory cortex ) language

- Located by ears-temples

Question 15

Frontal lobes

Answer 15

• planning, judgment, memory, reasoning, abstract thinking, movement ( motor cortex )

Question 16

left brain

Answer 16

• lang., logic, math, grammar, lists, writing, scientific skills, controls right hand

Question 17

right brain

Answer 17

• interpretation of art and music, perceptual tasks, face recognition, emotional expression, spatial abilities, controls left hand

Question 18

Sensory ( Somatosensory ) Cortex

located where?

Answer 18

• front of the parietal lobe

Question 19

Sensory cortex does

Answer 19

• it is a topographical representation of the body, the body is represented upside down in this, represents skin areas on the opposite side of the body — contralateral, larger areas of this are devoted to more sensitive areas of the body

Question 20

Motor cortex located

Answer 20

• the back of the frontal lobe, next to the parietal lobe

Question 21

Motor Cortex ( same as sensory except larger areas of motor cortex devoted to body areas requiring more ________.

Answer 21

• precise control

Question 22

motor neurons

Answer 22

• carry outgoing messages from the CNS to the muscles and glands

Question 23

Synapse

Answer 23

• junction btw one neuron’s exon and another’s dendrites/cell body
• Neurotransmitters cross it
• plays a fundamental role in the communication btw neurons

Question 24

Action Potential

Answer 24

• brief electrical charge that traces down the axon of a neuron
• triggered by chemical signals from neighboring neurons or when stimulated by signals from our senses

Question 25

Excitatory

Answer 25

- accelerator - go - green light

Question 26

Inhibitory

Answer 26

- break - stop - red light

Question 27

How do we distinguish a gentile touch from a big hug?

Answer 27

- strong stimulus can trigger more neurons to fire and to fire more often but it does NOT affect the action potential's strength or speed

Question 28

Resting potential

Answer 28

- fluid outside an axon's membrane has mostly positively charged Na+ ions - interior has mostly K+ negative ions - selective about what goes through////permeable

Question 29

Depolarizations

Answer 29

- When a neuron fires, the security parameters change - 1) 1st section of the axon opens and Na+ ions food in through the cell membrane - 2) loss of the inside/outside charges causes the next axon channel to open--domino effect

Question 30

refractory period

Answer 30

- resting pause - neuron pumps the Na+ ions back outside then it can fire again - time following action potential

Question 31

neurotransmitters

Answer 31

- chemicals that transmit info across the synaptic gap/cleft to bind receptor sites on the receiving neuron - determining whether or not a neural impulse is generated

Question 32

reuptake

Answer 32

- nano transmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron

Question 33

When a neuron fires an action potential, the info travels through the axon, dendrites, and the cell body, but not in that order. What order?

Answer 33

- dendrites - cell body - axon

Question 34

What happens in the synaptic gap?

Answer 34

- neurons send neurotransmitters across this tiny space btw one neuron's terminal branch and the next neuron's dendrites or cell body

Question 35

What is reputake?

Answer 35

- occurs when excess neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by sending neuron

Question 36

function of acetylcholine (ACh)

Answer 36

- enables muscle action, learning and memory | - malfunctions: high lvls linked to schizophrenia, low levels linked to parkinson's disease