Test 1 People

Question 1

Aristotle

Answer 1

Wrote “On the Heavens”

• geocentrism
• spherical earth
• circular planetary orbits
• planets orbit at constant speed

Question 2

Bain

Answer 2

Founded the Journal “Mind” in 1876

Question 3

Bell (Charles)

Answer 3

Examined Spinal Cords 11 years before Magendie
Wasn’t quite right… ventral = voluntary Dorsal = involuntary
Still became the Bell- Magendie law
Also talked about specific nerve energies

Question 4

Berkeley (George)

Answer 4

• Immaterialist
• To be is to be percieved
• studied depth perception

Question 5

Bessel

Answer 5

Created the personal equation

Was inspired by Wundt and Donders

Question 6

Bouillaud & Aubertin

Answer 6

Linked language to the frontal lobes
presented findings in 1861
they weren’t taken seriously

Question 7

Broca

Answer 7

Examined a patient named tan that only said tan
saw only left side damage
Broca’s area

Question 8

Descartes, Rene

Answer 8

-I think therefore I am
-Rationalism, doubt everything
-Veins, Reflex, retina
-did research on dogs, only humans feel pain
-Dualist; believed brain and mind connect at pineal gland
-Nativist= believed you are born with some knowledge
like god, self, and infinity (Innate v Derived Ideas)

Question 9

Donders

Answer 9

Donder's Reaction Times
Ki Ko and Ku
Just Ki= shortest reaction time
Ki Ko or Ku= longest
Repeat only Ki amid ko and Ku= middle
37 ms between each level of response time

Question 10

Dubois-Reymond

Answer 10

Measures current in his own arm

discovered action potential

Question 11

Ebbinghaus

Answer 11

first to study memory
CVC-nonsense syllable
time to memorize
forgetting curve
savings score
Reaction time fill in the blank for school (intelligence test)
Worte fundementals of psych book
"Psychology has a short history but a long past"

Question 12

Fechner (Gustav)

Answer 12

Psychophysics
Fechner’s Law
S=KlogR S= perceptions K=Weber’s ratio R=real world intensity
Dealt with percievable differences

Question 13

Ferrier (David)

Answer 13

Identified motor cortex in 10 species

Found visual, somatosensory, and auditory cortices

Question 14

Flourens (pierre)

Answer 14

nueroscientist and surgeon
Systematically ablated animal brains to disprove phrenology
Removed “ladies cabin” of birds and they still had a sex drive
action propre and action commune

Question 15

Fritsch and Hitzig

Answer 15

Examined exposed brains of soldiers

Discovered the motor cortex

Question 16

Gage (Phineas)

Answer 16

rod is shot through head and he had severe personality changes

Question 17

Galileo

Answer 17

Made first decent telescope
Confirmed heliocentrism
Experimental methods
Pendulum
House arrest
Speed of falling objects

Question 18

Gall

Answer 18

Neuroanatomist
Distinguished white v grey parts of brain (hwy v City)
Explained corpus collossum
L R crossover
Comparative
.....and phrenology

Question 19

Galvani (luigi)

Answer 19

Electricity Contracts Muscles

Animal Magnetism- vitalist/mechanist combo with a life electricity

Question 20

Golgi v Cajal

Answer 20

Reticular v Neuron Theory
Reticular theory= everything in nervous system is single network (Golgi)
Neuron Theory= discrete cells (Cajal)
Shared Nobel in 1906

Question 21

Greisbach

Answer 21

Used 2 point threshold to study mental fatigue in kids through school day

Question 22

Hales

Answer 22

a

Question 23

Hartley

Answer 23

parallelism
Building block structure of thoughs whole=sum parts
Influenced mill

Question 24

Harvey (William)

Answer 24

Circulatory system
Heart pumps blood (not create it)
Empiricism, mechanism

Question 25

Helmholtz

Answer 25

Mechanism Law of conservation of energy (trapped frog experiment) All or none principal of Neurons Speed of nervouse impulse= 83 ft per second (57mph) Perception: Blind spot, how cochlea works, 3 cones for color

Question 26

Hume (David)

Answer 26

First Associationist Rejects notion of innate ideas Ideas are associaties via: resemblence, continuity, and causality

Question 27

James & John Stuart Mill

Answer 27

``` James mill: Father Mechanical Associationism (brick wall) Raised son stricktly John Stuart Mill: son Chemical associationism (baking) -Whole is greater then sum of parts ```

Question 28

Kant (Immanuel)

Answer 28

argued against a science of the mind | "Psychology KANT be a science"

Question 29

Kulpe

Answer 29

Wundt's student used introspection fractionation- splitting up tasks for introspection

Question 30

Lashley (Karl)

Answer 30

memories evenly distributed across cortex was looking for an engram= center of memory in brain Terms: Equipotentiality= one part of cortex can take over function of another part Law of Mass Action=learning, and memory depend on amount of cortex available

Question 31

Leibniz

Answer 31

``` German Nativist Wrote New Essays on Understanding (1765) "Clean slates stay clean" calculus Psycho-physical Parallelism ```

Question 32

Locke (John)

Answer 32

- Father of British Empiricism - Believed in tabula rasa - concept of government of checks and balances with social contract from people - empiricism leads to tolerance and liberalism because we are only different based on experience

Question 33

Magendie (Francios)

Answer 33

Discovered difference between dorsal and ventral roots of spinal cord by paralyzing puppies ventral=motor Dorsal=sensory

Question 34

Muller (Johannes & G.E.)

Answer 34

Specific nerve energies work Salt: eye v. tongue Is the difference in nerve or brain?

Question 35

Newton

Answer 35

3 laws of motion planets have elliptical orbits Optics- colored light adds up to white light

Question 36

Sherrington

Answer 36

Interactive action of nervous system synaptic transition idea of excitation and inhibition (Reciprocal Innervation)) Nobel in 1932

Question 37

Weber

Answer 37

Difference thresholds

Question 38

Wernicke

Answer 38

Discovered area for a comprehension aphasia

Question 39

Whytt (Robert)

Answer 39

Spinal Cord- frogs maintained reflexes even without a brain | Voluntary v. Involuntary movements

Question 40

Wollstonecraft (Mary)

Answer 40

Used empiricist argument for womens rights | 0=0 we are the same at birth

Question 41

Wundt

Answer 41

researched under Bunsen Salt in urine... Assistant to Helmholtz Transfers to Leipzig and Trains Graduate students Researched a shit ton Experimental Psychology: uses rate to quantify mental operations, sensation attributes, motivation, attention, apperception, word association tasks Volkerphsycologie= a mix of psych and anthropology, higher function can't be quantified, inferred things

Question 42

Archimedes

Answer 42

Real discoverer of calculus (as far as we know)