Ablation
Cutting out piece of brain to see what happens
Action propre & action commune
Pierre Florens
Localization of function
Each general area of the brain has an action propre
Eg. Cerebellum is cordination
Eg. Cerebral cortex will and motivation
Action commune: The whole system really works as a community, destroy one and hurt it all
Allegory of the cave
Plato
You only know what you have seen
Apperception
When your perceiving intentionally (Focus)
Wundt
Basic (Pure) v Applied Research
Basic= studying for the sake of knowledge Applied= studying for a purpose
Bell-Magendie Law
Spinal Cord: Pupose for ventral vs Dorsal
Bell: ventral = voluntary Dorsal = involuntary
Mag: ventral=motor dorsal=sensory
Mag was way better but whatevs….
Binocular convergence
George Berkeley
More eyes point together the closer and object is
British Empiricism/Associationism
Empiricism= experience, blank slate, figured out early ideas of thoughts Associationism= built off empiricism dealt with how thoughts were related to each other
Broca’s & Wernicke’s Aphasia
Brocas= speech problems Wernicke= comprehension problems
Cogito ergo sum, esse est percipi
“I think therefore I am”
Rene Descarte
“To be is to be percieved”
George Berkely
Determinism v Free Will
Determinism= something determines our actions
Free Will= we chose our actions
Dualism v Monism
Dualism= separate mind and body Monism= mind and body are one in the same
Epistemology
The study of knowledge and how it is aquired
-used by empirisists
Equipotentiality
Karl Lashley
one part of cortex can take over function of another part
Fechner’s Law
S=KlogR S=Mental sensation K=Weber's ratio R= Physical Intenstity Dealt with percievable differences
Geocentrism v Heliocentrism
Geo- earth centered Aristotle Helio- sun centered galileo Rene Descartes
Immaterialism
Spin on anti-materialism that there is no proof that matter even exists
Innate v Derived ideas
Rene Descartes
Innate: Born with
Eg. god perfection infinity and self
Derived: Things you learn
Jnd
Just noticeable differences
relates to Weber’s difference thresshold
Law of mass action
Karl Lashley
learning, and memory depend on amount of cortex available
Localization of function
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Materialism v Antimaterialism
Materialism= things are made out of a finite set of ingredients and are understandable -Reductionists= things are made out of finite set of ingredients -Elementist= things are made out of elements -Atomist= things are made out of atoms Antimaterialism= vitalism, free will
Mental chronometry
reaction time
Helmholtz discovered nerve impulse to be slow
Know as mental chronometry in Wundt’s lab
Nature v Nurture
genes v. environment
Neuron theory
Cajal
Discrete cells
Nonsense syllable
CVC
Ebinghaus
Personal equation
Bessel
Equation for latitude with Jupiters moons
Enabled personalization for formula
And way more accurate
Phrenology
personality by shape of skull
poorly researched and innacurate
Pineal gland
Rene Descartes
Dualism
believed brain and mind connect at pineal gland
Pneumatic philosophy
a name for metaphysics or psychology
Primary v Secondary qualities
Primary= What it is: Form, motion and size Secondary= what we perceive: smell, temperature, color
Psychophysical parallelism
mind and body event occur together with no cause effect relationship
Psychophysics
Helmholtz
Psychology that deals with external stimuli and mental phenomena
Rationalism v Empiricism
Reason v. Experience
Reticular doctrine
Golgi
Reticular theory
everything in nervous system is single network
Specific Nerve Energies
Sensory neurons pick up specific things like taste touch etc…
Muller
Difference is from pathways
Tabula rasa
“Clean Slate”
You are born with no knowledge
No innate ideas
Thresholds (3)
Weber
2pt = two pokes, 4 cm on back, 1mm on tip of finger
Absolute threshold= minimum detectable
Difference = minimal detectable difference
Trust v Reason v Experience
Trust= God/gut
Vitalism v Mechanism
Vitalism= life has some mystical element Galvani Mechanism= everything can be explained like a machine Harvey Helmholtz The Mills
Völkerpsychologie
Wundt
Mix of developmental psych and anthropology
Theory higher difficulty of native language = greater upper level intelligence
Didnt think upper level thought could be quantified
Voluntary v Involuntary movement
Robert Whytt
Spinal cord reflexes v decisions to move
Weber’s Ratio
Difference threshold is a proportion not a fixed value
JND/S=K
1860
Fechner started psycho-physics
1879
Wundt started teaching psychology at Leipzig