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Test 1 PV test Flashcards

1
Q

Photovoltaics is a solar energy technology that uses unique properties of semiconductors to directly convert solar radiation into electricity.

A

true

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2
Q

The majority of the regulations governing electrical system integration are found in the National Electrcial Code.

A

True

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3
Q

A PWM charge controller pulses the full charge current and varies the width of the pulses to regulate the amount of charge current.

A

True

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4
Q

A micro-hydroelectric turbine is a device that produces electricity from the flow and pressure of water.

A

True

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5
Q

Qualifying-facility agreements are intended for small interconnected PV systems.

A

False

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6
Q

Charging is the process of a cell or battery converting chemical energy to electrical energy and delivering current.

A

False

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7
Q

Sulfation increases the electrolyte concentration and the available active material, and therefore the capacity of the cell.

A

False

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8
Q

Supplemental-power PV systems offset a portion of the power needed from the utility, resulting in lower electricity bills.

A

True

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9
Q

Ground-mounted arrays generally offer less flexibility than building-mounted arrays in the location and orientation of arrays.

A

False

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10
Q

The voltage between battery terminals is highest at the beginning of a descharge cycle and gradually falls.

A

True

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11
Q

Equipment grounding is not required for all PV systems.

A

False

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12
Q

Short-circuit current is associated with zero load resistance and open-circuit voltage is associated with infinite load resistance.

A

true

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13
Q

overcurrent protection devices are classified by how quickly they acivate.

A

True

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14
Q

Diesel engines are well suited for constant loads, whereas gasoline engines can respond quickly to changing loads.

A

True

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15
Q

An n-type semiconductor is a semiconductor that has electron voids.

A

false

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16
Q

materials, equipment, designs, or installation practices for PV systems are independent of environmental conditions.

A

False

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17
Q

All current-carrying conductors in the PV output circuit must have disconnect provisions, including the grounded conductor.

A

True

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18
Q

Energy storage systems are characterized by the form of energy they store and how the energy is utilized or converted into other forms.

A

True

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19
Q

A disconnect must by manually operable and may be either a switch or a circuit breaker.

A

True

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20
Q

Most residential and commercial loads are DC loads.

A

False

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21
Q

Lead-acid batteries are the most common type of batteries used in PV systems.

A

True

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22
Q

Spanning is used with lag screws.

A

False

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23
Q

Numerous not-for-profit organizations work to promote and further the PV industry, including organizations involved in research, marketing, installer training, and standards development.

A

True

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24
Q

A flat-plate collector can utilize any solar radiation, direct or reflected, that strikes its surface.

A

True

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25
Since rack mounts use an open, trusslike structure, air can circulate freely around the modules and keep them cool.
True
26
A distributed-generation system may serve as the only source of power for a consumer, or as back-up or supplemental power for a utility grid connection.
True
27
A blocking diode is a diode used to pass current around, rather than through, a group of PV cells or modules.
False
28
All Utility-interactive inverters must be able to detect power outages and discontinue transfer of power until the utility system returns to normal operation.
True
29
Most utility electrical power is produced by rotating generators that are mechanically driven.
True
30
Interactive inverters act like a voltage source, while generators act like a current cource.
False
31
A diversionary charge controller is a charge controller that regulates charging current to a battery system by diverting excess power to an auxiliary load.
true
32
PV power plants can be located closer to populated areas than can conventional power plants because they do not involve hazardous materials or cause air, water, or noise pollution.
True
33
The photographic method of shading analysis compares a panoramic photo of the potential obstructions to a sun path diagram.
True
34
Liability insurance is required by most utilities that have interconnection standards.
True
35
Modules mounted directly on the roof surface increase the heat transfer into a building.
True
36
Lead-calcium batteries experience less gassing and lower self-discharge rates than lead-antimony batteries.
True
37
Air mass depends upon the time of day, the time of year, and the altitude and latitude of the specified location.
True
38
Breakdown voltage is the minimum reverse-bias voltage that results in a rapid increase in current through an electronic device.
True
39
Shading on solar thermal collectors reduces performance by an amount proportional to the level of shading.
True
40
The two major types of radiation reaching the ground are direct radiation and diffuse radiation.
True
41
Direct radiation is radiation that is scattered by the atmosphere and clouds.
False
42
Short circuit voltage is the maximum voltage on an I-V curve.
False
43
Some amount of series resistance in a PV system is unavoidable because all conductors and connectors have some resistance.
True
44
Three-phase inverter output can be achieved by using three smaller inverters and connecting each inverter to a different phase.
True
45
The array azimuth angle is the vertical angle between horizontal and the array surface
False
46
A photoelectrochemical cell uses semiconductors to produce electricity from light.
False
47
Solar radiation is a highly variable resource and significant differences exist among regions in the United States.
True
48
Multistage charge controllers with an absorption charge cycle will also include a float charge setpoint, which is a slightly lower voltage than the voltage regulation setpoint.
True
49
A secondary battery is a battery that can store and deliver electrical energy but cannot be recharged.
False
50
A hybrid system is a PV system that can operate in either utility-interactive or stand-alone mode, and uses battery storage.
False
51
In the United States, the technical requirements for PV systems are established through national codes and standards publish by _____.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Underwriters Laboratories (UL), and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).
52
Solar radiation is _____ by components of the atmosphere, including ozone, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, as well as other gases and particles.
absorbed, scattered, and reflected
53
A _____ is a rod, plate, or structure that establishes a connection with the earth.
grounding electrode
54
A _____ battery is a battery that uses a combination of plate designs to maximize the desirable characteristics.
hybrid
55
A(n) _____ is a visit to the installation site to assess the site conditions and establish the needs and requirements for the system.
site survey
56
Portable PV systems power mobile loads such as ______.
vehicles, temporary signs, lighting, and handheld devices.
57
A(n) ______ turbine is a device that compresses and burns a fuel-air mixture, which expands and spins a turbine.
gas
58
_____ is the point in the sky directly overhead a particular location.
Zenith
59
A(n) _____ is a company that produces and/or distributes electricity from its central generation point to the consumer.
utility
60
_____ is the current that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
Ampacity
61
A(n) _____ is Earth's orbital position when solar declination is at its minimum or maximum.
solstice
62
_____ is the amount of time a fully charged battery system can supply power to system loads without further charging.
Autonomy
63
A(n) _____ mount is an array mounting system that automatically orients the array to the position of the sun.
sun-tracking
64
_____ energy is expected to compose an increasingly larger portion of energy production.
Renewable
65
_____ is the angle between the direction a compass needle points (towards magnetic north) and true geographic north.
Magnetic declination
66
The service conductors in a supply-side connection must be sized for at least ____% of the continuous load current, based on the PV system inverter maximum current output rating.
125
67
A battery _____ is a group of batteries connected together with series and parallel connections to provide a specific voltage and capacity.
bank
68
A _____ load is a dynamic structural load due to periodic motion.
vibration
69
Positioning windows to face _____ allows maximum sunlight and heat into the building.
south
70
A(n) _____ is a collection of cells that are contained in the same case and connected together electrically to produce a desired voltage.
battery
71
_____ is the ratio of the increase in battery charge to the amount of charge supplied to the battery.
Charge acceptance
72
Distributed-generation systems can include _____.
PV systems, wind turbines, and engine generators
73
_____ circuit breakers are circuit breakers on the load side of the main service disconnect that supple PV power to the busbar.
Back-feed
74
A PV system that operates in parallel with and is connected to the electric utility grid is called a(n) _____ PV system.
utility-interactive, grid-connected, and interactive
75
A _____ cell is an electrochemical device that uses hydrogen and oxygen to produce DC electricity, with water and heat as byproducts.
fuel
76
A(n) _____ is a collection of information about a facility's or customer's energy use.
energy audit
77
The _____ is the percentage of energy remaining in a battery compared to the fully charged capacity.
state of charge
78
_____ store energy in an electrical field developed by two oppositely charged parallel conductive plates separated by a dielectric (insulating) material.
Capacitors
79
A(n) ____ switch allows an electrical system to be switched from a primary power source to an alternate power source in order to keep critical loads operating.
transfer
80
A(n) _____ is a device that converts DC power into AC power.
inverter

Photovoltaic Systems (19 decks)

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