Test 1 Study Guide Flashcards
How are significant figures determined with addition and subtraction?
Sig fig determined by measurement with the fewest decimals!
How are sig figs determined with multiplication/division?
Sig fig determined by the measurement with the fewest digits!
define matter
matter = mass + occupied space
define mass
the amount of matter that is present in an object- this will always be the same whether you are on the moon, or earth, or any other planet. This is the big number on the periodic table of elements.
volume
the amount of space that a given object takes up.
what are the three states of matter?
Liquid, solid, gass
Weight
a measure of the gravitational pull on an object.
Define state
the physical form
composition
the basic components that make up an anything
solid
fixed volume and rigid shape- particles packed tightly together, expands only slightly when heated
liquid
fixed volume, but no rigid shape. These assume the shape of their container. Particles packed tightly together. Almost incompressible- tends to expand when heated.
gas
gas is compressible, so it doesn’t have a fixed volume and does not have a rigid shape. Takes shape and form of container. Particles are spaced far apart. Expands without limit to fill any space. Gases are easily compressed.
element
a substance that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances- atom at its smallest point- still the same element.
I.E. Helium or gold
molecules
group of atoms stuck together, usually through chemical bonds.
compounds
two or more elements in a fixed and definite proportion.
I.E. Water, helium- only separated by chemical process
What are some physical properties?
color, solubility, odor, hardness, magnetism, conductivity, density, boiling point, melting point, ductility, malleability
define density
Density=mass/volume
mixture
a combination of multiple pure substances- can have a variable composition- can be separated by physical process
methods of separating a mixture
distillation, centrifugation, decantation, filtration, evaporation
What is the difference between physical and chemical changes?
Physical changes- water boiling, or being filtered.
Chemical changes- electrolysis- breaking down a pure substance (like water) into simpler elements.- change in physical properties- often evidenced by a change in physical characteristics
homoatomic
same type of atoms
heteroatomic
different types of atoms
monoatomic
only one atom
polyatmic
more than one atom
